Old Age Security Program Mortality Experience: Actuarial Study No. 23

Type of publication
Actuarial Study No. 23
Published date
PDF 1.72 MB

Accessibility statement

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) defines requirements for designers and developers to improve accessibility for people with disabilities. It defines three levels of conformance: Level A, Level AA, and Level AAA. This report is partially conformant with WCAG 2.0 level AA. If you require a compliant version, please contact webmaster@osfi-bsif.gc.ca.

Office of the Chief Actuary
Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions Canada
12th Floor, Kent Square Building
255 Albert Street
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0H2

E-mail address: oca-bac@osfi-bsif.gc.ca

Table of contents
    List of Tables
    List of Charts

    1. Executive Summary

    1.1 Purpose

    This is the fourth Old Age Security (OAS) program mortality experience study published by the Office of the Chief Actuary (OCA).

    The OAS pension is a monthly benefit available to most Canadians 65 years of age or older, who meet residence and legal status requirements. The OAS pension is subject to a repayment amount or recovery tax for those with income exceeding a specified level. The OAS program also includes a Guaranteed Income Supplement (GIS) and Allowance monthly benefits paid to residents of Canada who receive a full or partial OAS pension and who have little or no other income. To receive the GIS, an individual must be an OAS pensioner. There Allowance benefit is paid to those aged 60 to 64 who are either the spouses or common-law partners of GIS recipients or are widowed.

    Similar to the three preceding OAS mortality studies (Actuarial Studies Nos. 5, 11, and 17), this study excludes OAS benefits paid under international social security agreements and covers only benefits paid under the domestic OAS program. As well, like in the previous studies, this study covers OAS pensioners and GIS beneficiaries.

    The availability of an administrative OAS beneficiaries database provided by Service Canada allows for a more accurate measurement of the level and trend in mortality experienced by the oldest portion of the Canadian population over the period from 1 January 1999 to 31 December 2019. As the experience period considered ends in 2019, the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic are not reflected in this study.

    The longer experience period of this study (from 1999 to 2019 inclusive) relative to its predecessors provides for the observation and analysis of longer-term trends of mortality. This study accounts for over 99 million life-years of exposure and about 4 million deaths.

    The OCA will use the results of this study to assess the mortality characteristics of the overall Canadian population and of OAS program beneficiaries when producing its next triennial Canada Pension Plan (CPP) and OAS program actuarial reports.

    1.2 Scope

    Section II describes the data and methodology used to analyze the OAS program beneficiary mortality experience. Section III presents the overall mortality experience of OAS beneficiaries. Also included in section III is a comparison with the Canadian population mortality.

    A comparison of mortality rates by type of benefit is presented in Section IV, while Section V presents the level of mortality by marital status and type of benefit. Section VI presents the level of mortality by place of birth. Section VII next presents an analysis of the trends in mortality improvement rates over the experience period. A conclusion of the study then follows in Section VIII. Detailed tables are provided in the Annex of the study, and lists of the references used and contributors to the study are provided at the end.

    Throughout this study, the terms “OAS” and “OAS program” are used interchangeably to refer to the OAS program. Also, all life expectancies presented in this study refer to period life expectancies (i.e., without assumed future mortality improvements). Lastly, all figures shown in the study pertain to OAS program beneficiaries aged 65 and older, unless otherwise indicated.

    1.3 Main Findings

    1.3.1 Life Expectancies of OAS Beneficiaries

    • In 2019, the life expectancies at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries are 19.4 years for males and 22.2 years for females. These are 3.3 years and 2.3 years higher than the corresponding life expectancies observed in 1999.

    • The gap in life expectancies between females and males decreased from 3.8 years in 1999 to 2.8 years in 2019.

    • Older Canadians are living longer but the growth in life expectancy of one month per year over the period from 2015 to 2019 has been lower than the two months per year experienced over the previous 15 years period 2000 to 2014. Similar trends have been observed in the United States and in the United Kingdom.

    1.3.2 Life Expectancies by Type of Benefit

    • Over the last 20 years, life expectancy at age 65 for males has increased from 16.9 years in 1999 to 20.3 years in 2019 for those not receiving the GIS benefits and from 14.5 years in 1999 to 17.4 years in 2019 for those receiving the GIS benefit.

    • In comparison, for females, life expectancy at age 65 has increased from 20.8 years in 1999 to 23.2 years in 2019 for those not receiving the GIS benefit and from 18.8 years in 1999 to 20.7 years in 2019 for those receiving the GIS benefit.

    • As such, the gap in life expectancies at age 65 between beneficiaries not receiving the GIS and those receiving the benefit has increased over the period 1999 to 2019. In 1999, the differential was 2.4 years for males and 2.0 years for females, while in 2019 the differential is 2.9 years for males and 2.5 years for females.

    1.3.3 Life Expectancies by Marital Status and Type of Benefit

    • In 2019, the life expectancies at age 65 are 20.7 years for married males and 16.8 years for single males. The corresponding life expectancies at age 65 for married and single females are 23.6 years and 21.1 years.

    • In 2019, single males experience mortality that is about 2.7 times the level of married beneficiaries at age 65. In comparison, single females experience mortality that is about 1.9 times the level of married beneficiaries.

    • In 2019, for both sexes in general, single beneficiaries in receipt of the GIS have the lowest life expectancies while married beneficiaries not receiving the GIS have the highest life expectancies.

    1.3.4 Life Expectancies by Place of Birth

    • OAS beneficiaries born outside Canada experience lower mortality than those born in Canada. This may be explained by the “healthy immigrant effect” (Vang et al., 2015), which results from several factors, including medical and employability screening prior to entry to Canada as well as cultural and lifestyle characteristics.

    • In 2019, the life expectancies at age 65 are 20.8 years for male OAS beneficiaries born outside Canada and 18.4 years for those born in Canada. The corresponding life expectancies for females at age 65 are 23.6 years and 21.4 years.

    • The gap between the life expectancies at age 65 of OAS beneficiaries born outside Canada and those born in Canada has increased for both sexes over the period 1999 to 2019. In 1999, the differential by place of birth was 1.5 years for males and 0.9 of a year for females. In 2019, the differential by place of birth for both males and females is about 2.2 years.

    1.3.5 Mortality Improvements

    • The average annual mortality improvement rate for males in the age group 65 to 74 over the period 2000 to 2014 has been 2.7%, and this compares to a level of 1.0% over the more recent period 2015 to 2019. In comparison, for the same age group, the average annual mortality improvement rate for females has also decreased, standing at 1.9% for the 2000 to 2014 period and at 1.0% for the 2015 to 2019 period.

    • For both sexes, mortality improvements for beneficiaries in receipt of the GIS have generally been lower than for beneficiaries not receiving the GIS. Over the period 2000 to 2019, for ages 65 to 74, those in receipt of the GIS experienced an average annual mortality improvement rate of 1.6% and 1.1% for males and females, respectively. These compare to average annual improvement rates of 2.5% for males and 1.8% for females not in receipt of the GIS. These improvement rates have been somewhat lower over the more recent period 2015 to 2019.

    • The average annual mortality improvement rates for OAS beneficiaries are at the same levels as those derived from the general population mortality.

    1.4 Conclusion

    In general, this study confirms the results that were obtained by the previous OAS program beneficiary mortality studies. The analysis by type of benefit received shows that beneficiaries who do not receive the GIS experience lower mortality compared to those who receive the GIS. The analysis by marital status shows that beneficiaries who are married experience lower mortality compared to single beneficiaries. The analysis by place of birth shows that beneficiaries who were born outside Canada experience lower mortality compared to beneficiaries who were born in Canada.

    The study also reveals that mortality improvement rates over the more recent period from 2015 to 2019 have been somewhat lower than improvement rates experienced over the previous 15 years period from 2000 to 2014.

    2. Data and Methodology

    2.1 Data Source and Validation

    The main source of data for this study is an administrative seriatim (i.e., by non‑identifiable individual records) OAS program beneficiaries database that was provided to the OCA by Service Canada, which is the administrator of the OAS program. The OAS database contains information on the amount of regular monthly benefits received by each OAS program beneficiary along with the associated payment status (i.e., whether in pay, suspended, or terminated) at each 31 December for years 1999 to 2019 inclusive. The OAS database allows for the identification of those receiving the GIS and Allowance benefits in addition to the OAS pension due to having no or very low incomeFootnote 1.

    The Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) database available to the OCA was also used for this study to determine the date of death and the marital status, if that information was not available solely from the OAS database. Statistics Canada also provided general population mortality data for Canada by age and sex for individual years 1999 to 2019 based on Canada Life Tables (CLT).

    Data validation was performed on all data records. The validation indicated that only a small portion of all beneficiary records (less than 0.1% of records) had incorrect or missing data, and thus needed to be discarded.

    This study is based on the number of deaths and life-years of exposures determined for each class of OAS beneficiaries. This study accounts for over 99 million life-years of exposure and about 4 million deaths. For any given calendar year, the term “life-years of exposures” (or simply “exposures”) at age “x” last birthday (i.e. attained age as at the last birthday) is defined as the amount of time for which a beneficiary was exposed to the risk of death at age “x” during that year. Specifically, exposures during a calendar year are measured as follows:

    • For beneficiaries in pay who are age “x” on 1 January of a calendar year, life-years of exposures at age “x” are measured from January 1st to the earliest of a beneficiary’s time of death or time they reach age “x+1”.

    • For beneficiaries in pay who are age “x-1” on 1 January of a calendar year, life-years of exposures at age “x” are measured from the time a beneficiary reaches age “x” to the earlier of the beneficiary’s time of death or the end of the calendar year.

    • For new beneficiaries who come into pay at age “x” during a given calendar year, life-years of exposures at age “x” are measured from the time an individual becomes a beneficiary to the earlier of the beneficiary’s time of death, time they reach age “x+1”, or the end of the calendar year.

    • For new beneficiaries who come into pay at age “x-1” during a given calendar year, life-years of exposures at age “x” are measured from the time the new beneficiary reaches age “x” to the earlier of the beneficiary’s time of death or the end of the calendar year.

    Throughout this study, the terms “OAS” and “OAS program” are used interchangeably to refer to the OAS program. Also, all life expectancies presented in this study refer to period life expectancies (i.e., without assumed future mortality improvements).

    2.2 Methodology used for Calculating Mortality Rates

    This section provides a general overview of the methodology used in the development of the mortality rates of OAS beneficiaries over the experience periods running from 1 January 1999 to 31 December 2019.

    The graduated OAS beneficiary mortality rates are derived using the following two-step process:

    2.2.1 Crude Mortality Rates

    For all beneficiary subclasses, the crude mortality rate for a given calendar year, age “x”, and sex is defined as the probability that a person of age “x” will die between ages “x” and “x+1” during the given year. Crude mortality rates are usually calculated by simply dividing the relevant number of deaths by the number of life-years of exposures (defined above) over the given year or period. For this study, annual crude mortality rates are determined using the Product-Limit Estimator (PLE) method, also known as the Kaplan-Meier Product-Limit Estimator method by using the survival rates (see Appendix B of Actuarial Study No.11). For the overall OAS program experience, the highest ages for which the crude mortality rates were judged to be statistically credible are age 97 for males and 101 for females.

    2.2.2 Graduated Mortality Rates

    For a given calendar year, the OAS beneficiary crude mortality rates by year, age, sex, and various other subclasses (i.e., by type of benefit, marital status, and place of birth), were graduated by age to reflect a compromise between smoothness and fit. A Whittaker-Henderson graduation method was used to produce smoothed rates up to the highest advanced age such that the trend in mortality over that age and the previous three ages was deemed to provide the best fit for convergence to the ultimate mortality rates at age 120 of 700 deaths per 1,000 males and 650 deaths per 1,000 females.

    3. OAS Beneficiary Mortality

    3.1 Introduction

    This section presents the overall mortality of OAS beneficiaries over the period 1999 to 2019. As was done in the previous three OAS mortality studies, the OAS benefits provided through international social security agreements have been excluded from this study.

    3.2 Overall Mortality Experience (1999-2019)

    3.2.1 Beneficiaries

    Historical data on the number of OAS beneficiaries by age and sex are presented in Table 1. As females live longer than males, in 2019, 29% of female beneficiaries were aged 80 and over compared to 23% for males. There were over 9,800 centenarians in 2019, out of which 83% were females.

    Between 1999 and 2019, the number of male beneficiaries increased by 85%, from 1.6 million in 1999 to 2.9 million in 2019. Over the same period, the number of female beneficiaries increased by 63%, from 2.1 million to 3.5 million. The steeper increase in the number of male beneficiaries can be attributed to the higher mortality improvement rates for males over that period.

    Table 1 - OAS Beneficiaries (as at December 31st)
    Age Group Males
    Number Distribution
    1999 2009 2019 1999 2009 2019
    65-69 521,861 655,116 908,908 33% 32% 31%
    70-74 436,295 502,918 804,298 28% 25% 28%
    75-79 321,466 402,107 541,093 20% 20% 19%
    80-84 174,527 270,065 345,669 11% 13% 12%
    85-89 85,757 139,362 203,740 5% 7% 7%
    90-94 26,153 41,698 79,804 2% 2% 3%
    95-99 4,921 8,700 17,215 0% 0% 1%
    100+ 523 816 1,636 0% 0% 0%
    Total 1,571,503 2,020,782 2,902,363 100% 100% 100%
    Age Group Females
    Number Distribution
    1999 2009 2019 1999 2009 2019
    65-69 562,888 698,644 992,966 27% 27% 29%
    70-74 523,488 560,828 877,935 25% 22% 25%
    75-79 456,891 487,385 618,097 22% 19% 18%
    80-84 296,616 391,584 438,098 14% 15% 13%
    85-89 181,385 266,065 304,303 9% 10% 9%
    90-94 73,457 109,634 161,967 3% 4% 5%
    95-99 18,879 31,943 54,230 1% 1% 2%
    100+ 2,839 4,562 8,211 0% 0% 0%
    Total 2,116,443 2,550,645 3,455,807 100% 100% 100%

    Tables 36 to 41 in the Annex show various statistics related to OAS program beneficiaries by individual age and sex.

    3.2.2 Deaths

    Table 2 presents the number of deaths by age group and sex. The deaths are tabulated on an age last birthday basis. Over the period 1999 to 2019, there were 2.0 million male deaths and 2.1 million female deaths. Of the 233,370 deaths in 2019, there were 4,092 classified as centenarians (82% being females). The median age at death of males increased by 3.0 years, from 78.8 years in 1999 to 81.8 years in 2019, while for females it increased by 2.9 years, from 83.3 to 86.2 years over the same period. Female deaths are distributed more toward the older ages compared to males, because of females’ greater longevity.

    Table 2 OAS Beneficiary Deaths (1999-2019)
    Age Group Males
    Number Distribution
    1999-2019 1999 2009 2019 1999 2009 2019
    65-69 234,868 11,541 10,602 13,187 13.8% 11.8% 11.6%
    70-74 302,177 15,685 12,701 17,319 18.7% 14.2% 15.2%
    75-79 366,639 18,546 17,369 18,640 22.1% 19.4% 16.4%
    80-84 405,639 16,820 19,714 20,783 20.1% 22.0% 18.3%
    85-89 360,497 13,192 17,245 22,290 15.7% 19.3% 19.6%
    90-94 208,526 6,141 8,835 15,360 7.3% 9.9% 13.5%
    95-99 63,435 1,714 2,718 5,478 2.0% 3.0% 4.8%
    100+ 9,298 217 382 754 0.3% 0.4% 0.7%
    Total 1,951,079 83,856 89,566 113,811 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
    Median Age 80.8 78.8 80.9 81.8  
    Age Group Females
    Number Distribution
    1999-2019 1999 2009 2019 1999 2009 2019
    65-69 154,346 6,899 6,751 8,896 7.8% 6.8% 7.4%
    70-74 212,554 10,504 9,114 12,307 11.8% 9.2% 10.3%
    75-79 291,863 15,236 13,299 14,537 17.2% 13.4% 12.2%
    80-84 395,191 17,560 19,279 18,600 19.8% 19.5% 15.6%
    85-89 465,628 18,816 23,226 24,029 21.2% 23.5% 20.1%
    90-94 388,681 13,033 17,179 24,220 14.7% 17.4% 20.3%
    95-99 182,050 5,357 8,247 13,632 6.0% 8.3% 11.4%
    100+ 43,322 1,256 1,814 3,338 1.4% 1.8% 2.8%
    Total 2,133,635 88,661 98,909 119,559 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
    Median Age 85.0 83.3 85.1 86.2  

    Chart 1 shows the change in the distribution of deaths by age and sex for 1999, 2009 and 2019. It clearly illustrates that the median age at death for both males and females has increased over time as the distribution has shifted to the right. In 2019, the highest number of deaths occurred at age 88 for males and at age 90 for females, this compares to age 78 for males and age 85 for females in 1999.

    Chart 1 - Distribution of OAS Beneficiary Deaths (1999, 2009 and 2019)

    Chart Description

    Two line charts. Chart 1(i) (top chart) is for males and Chart 1(ii) (bottom chart) is for females. Both charts show the distribution of deaths by age for years 1999, 2009 and 2019. The Y axis shows the number of deaths and the X axis shows the age.       

    Chart 1(i)       

    For males age 65, there were 1,791 deaths in 1999, 1,827 deaths in 2009 and 2,288 deaths in 2019.       

    For males age 70, there were 2,876 deaths in 1999, 2,333 deaths in 2009 and 3,227 deaths in 2019.       

    For males age 75, there were 3,597 deaths in 1999, 3,008 deaths in 2009 and 3,472 deaths in 2019.       

    For males age 80, there were 3,343 deaths in 1999, 3,822 deaths in 2009 and 3,989 deaths in 2019.       

    For males age 85, there were 3,242 deaths in 1999, 3,837 deaths in 2009 and 4,396 deaths in 2019.       

    For males age 90, there were 1,765 deaths in 1999, 2,267 deaths in 2009 and 3,843 deaths in 2019.       

    For males age 95, there were 564 deaths in 1999, 898 deaths in 2009 and 1,774 deaths in 2019.       

    For males age 100, there were 80 deaths in 1999, 144 deaths in 2009 and 262 deaths in 2019.       

    Chart Description

    Chart 1(ii)       

    For females age 65, there were 1,029 deaths in 1999, 1,164 deaths in 2009 and 1,453 deaths in 2019.       

    For females age 70, there were 1,732 deaths in 1999, 1,615 deaths in 2009 and 2,181 deaths in 2019.       

    For females age 75, there were 2,651 deaths in 1999, 2,196 deaths in 2009 and 2,657 deaths in 2019.       

    For females age 80, there were 3,284 deaths in 1999, 3,369 deaths in 2009 and 3,283 deaths in 2019.       

    For females age 85, there were 4,086 deaths in 1999, 4,507 deaths in 2009 and 4,264 deaths in 2019.       

    For females age 90, there were 3,158 deaths in 1999, 3,952 deaths in 2009 and 5,229 deaths in 2019.       

    For females age 95, there were 1,690 deaths in 1999, 2,501 deaths in 2009 and 3,763 deaths in 2019.       

    For females age 100, there were 421 deaths in 1999, 655 deaths in 2009 and 1,142 deaths in 2019.       

    Table 3 shows, by age group and sex, a comparison of the number of deaths from the OAS database with the number of deaths reported by Statistics Canada (from the official Vital Statistics for Canada) over the period 2015 to 2019. For ages 65 to 69, the lower number of OAS deaths compared to the Vital Statistics may be explained by recipient rates for OAS benefits being less than 100%. This could be due to the fact that a portion of the population has not yet applied for OAS benefits by age 70 because of either not being eligible or opting to delay take-up of their pension in order to receive an actuarial adjustment or accumulate more years of residence and hence receive a higher pension. For ages 70 and above, the number of deaths from Vital Statistics is lower than that from the OAS database. The larger number of deaths as reported from the OAS program when compared to Vital Statistics is due to the fact that Vital Statistics exclude Canadians who die outside Canada while the OAS program includes them.

    Table 3 Comparison of OAS Beneficiary Deaths with Vital Statistics Deaths (2015-2019)
    Age Group Males Females
    OAS Vital StatisticsFootnote * Ratio OAS to Vital Statistics OAS Vital StatisticsFootnote * Ratio OAS to Vital Statistics
    65-69 65,264 66,294 0.984 43,932 44,761 0.981
    70-74 79,461 78,058 1.018 57,387 56,652 1.013
    75-79 88,160 86,234 1.022 68,994 68,148 1.012
    80-84 102,756 100,769 1.020 92,715 91,287 1.016
    85-89 107,559 104,955 1.025 120,458 118,264 1.019
    90+ 98,368 95,226 1.033 195,200 190,449 1.025
    Total 541,568 531,536 1.019 578,686 569,561 1.016

    Table 3 Footnote

    Footnote *

    The number of deaths for the period 2015 to 2019 is from official Vital Statistics from Statistics Canada, Deaths database (Table: 13-10-0709-01 formerly CANSIM 102-0503)).

    Return to table 3 footnote *

    3.2.3 Exposures

    Consistent with the number of beneficiaries shown in Table 1, Table 4 shows that as females live longer than males, female life-years of exposures are on average distributed more toward the advanced ages. Chart 2 shows that females have higher exposures than males at every age because of females’ greater longevity.

    Table 4 OAS Beneficiary Exposures (2019)
    Age Group Exposures Distribution
    Males Females Both Sexes Males Females Both Sexes
    65-69 924,379 998,005 1,922,384 32.0% 29.1% 30.4%
    70-74 794,014 863,846 1,657,860 27.4% 25.2% 26.2%
    75-79 532,144 609,320 1,141,463 18.4% 17.7% 18.0%
    80-84 342,409 435,381 777,790 11.8% 12.7% 12.3%
    85-89 202,631 304,147 506,778 7.0% 8.9% 8.0%
    90-94 78,744 162,266 241,010 2.7% 4.7% 3.8%
    95-99 16,981 53,654 70,634 0.6% 1.6% 1.1%
    100+ 1,609 8,131 9,739 0.1% 0.2% 0.2%
    Total 2,892,910 3,434,749 6,327,658 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

    Chart 2 - OAS Beneficiary Exposures (2019)

    Chart Description

    Vertical bars showing a comparison of males and females OAS beneficiaries’ exposures in 2019. The Y axis is the number of life-years of exposure and the X axis is the age.       

    At age 65, the exposure is 192,186 for males and it is 205,066 for females.       

    At age 70, the exposure is 174,830 for males and it is 189,547 for females.       

    At age 75, the exposure is 125,045 for males and it is 138,907 for females.       

    At age 80, the exposure is 81,533 for males and it is 98,951 for females.       

    At age 85, the exposure is 50,545 for males and it is 70,142 for females.       

    At age 90, the exposure is 23,769 for males and it is 43,122 for females.       

    At age 95, the exposure is 6,284 for males and it is 17,552 for females.       

    At age 100, the exposure is 646 for males and it is 3,033 for females.       

    3.2.4 OAS Beneficiary Mortality Rates (2019)

    3.2.4.1 OAS Beneficiary Crude Mortality Rates by Age and Sex

    The OAS program beneficiary crude mortality rates for the year 2019 by age and sex are presented in Table 5 and Chart 3. Males experience a higher level of mortality than females at all ages.

    Table 5 OAS Beneficiary Crude Mortality RatesFootnote * (2019)
    Age Annual Deaths per Thousand Ratio
    Females to Males
    Males Females
    65 11.9 7.1 0.60
    70 18.3 11.4 0.63
    75 27.4 18.9 0.69
    80 47.7 32.6 0.68
    85 83.2 59.0 0.71
    90 149.3 114.2 0.77
    95 246.2 192.8 0.78
    100 332.1 312.5 0.94

    Table 5 Footnote

    Footnote *

    The highest ages for which the crude mortality rates were judged to be statistically credible are age 97 for males and 101 for females.

    Return to table footnote *

    Chart 3 - OAS Beneficiary Crude Mortality Rates (2019)

    Chart Description

    Line chart showing the male and female OAS beneficiary crude mortality rates in 2019. The Y axis shows the crude mortality rates per thousand and the X axis shows the age.       

    At age 65, the crude mortality rates per thousand is 11.9 for males and it is 7.1 for females.       

    At age 70, the crude mortality rates per thousand is 18.3 for males and it is 11.4 for females.       

    At age 75, the crude mortality rates per thousand is 27.4 for males and it is 18.9 for females.       

    At age 80, the crude mortality rates per thousand is 47.7 for males and it is 32.6 for females.       

    At age 85, the crude mortality rates per thousand is 83.2 for males and it is 59.0 for females.       

    At age 90, the crude mortality rates per thousand is 149.3 for males and it is 114.2 for females.       

    At age 95, the crude mortality rates per thousand is 246.2 for males and it is 192.8 for females.       

    3.2.4.2 OAS Beneficiary Graduated Mortality Rates by Age and Sex (2019)

    The graduated and extended mortality rates by age and sex and corresponding ratios of female to male mortality rates for the year 2019 are presented in Table 6, and a comparison of the graduated and crude mortality rates for both sexes is shown in Chart 4.

    Table 6 OAS Beneficiary Graduated Mortality Rates (2019)
    Age Annual Deaths per Thousand Ratio
    Females to Males
    Males Females
    65 12.0 7.2 0.61
    70 18.1 11.7 0.65
    75 28.4 19.0 0.67
    80 47.5 33.0 0.69
    85 83.6 59.8 0.72
    90 149.7 112.0 0.75
    95 245.0 195.4 0.80
    100 355.8 299.7 0.84
    105 474.4 413.3 0.87
    110 583.3 524.8 0.90
    115 664.6 611.3 0.92
    120 700.0 650.0 0.93

    Although male OAS beneficiaries experience higher mortality than female beneficiaries, the relative gap between the male and female graduated rates declines significantly with age, with mortality between the sexes converging at the older ages. At ages 70 to 80, female OAS beneficiaries experience mortality rates that are about two thirds the rates for males. By age 95, female mortality rates are 80% of male rates.

    Chart 4 - OAS Beneficiary CrudeChart 4 Footnote * and Graduated Mortality Rates (2019)

    Chart Description

    Two line charts. Chart 4(i) (Top chart) is for males and Chart 4(ii) (Bottom chart) is for females. Both charts showing the crude and graduated mortality rates per thousand in 2019. The Y axis shows the mortality rates per thousand and the X axis shows the age.       

    Chart 4(i)       

    For males age 65, the crude mortality rates were 11.9 and the graduated mortality rates were 12.0.       

    For males age 70, the crude mortality rates were 18.3 and the graduated mortality rates were 18.1.       

    For males age 75, the crude mortality rates were 27.4 and the graduated mortality rates were 28.4.       

    For males age 80, the crude mortality rates were 47.7 and the graduated mortality rates were 47.5.       

    For males age 85, the crude mortality rates were 83.2 and the graduated mortality rates were 83.6.       

    For males age 90, the crude mortality rates were 149.3 and the graduated mortality rates were 149.7.       

    For males age 95, the crude mortality rates were 246.2 and the graduated mortality rates were 245.0.       

    For males age 100, the crude mortality rates were 332.1 and the graduated mortality rates were 355.8.       

    For males age 105, the crude mortality rates were 366.7 and the graduated mortality rates were 474.4.       

    For males age 110, the graduated mortality rates were 583.3.       

    For males age 115, the graduated mortality rates were 664.6.       

    For males age 120, the graduated mortality rates were 700.0.       

    Chart Description

    Chart 4(ii)       

    For females age 65, the crude mortality rates were 7.1 and the graduated mortality rates were 7.2.       

    For females age 70, the crude mortality rates were 11.4 and the graduated mortality rates were 11.7.       

    For females age 75, the crude mortality rates were 18.9 and the graduated mortality rates were 19.0.       

    For females age 80, the crude mortality rates were 32.6 and the graduated mortality rates were 33.0.       

    For females age 85, the crude mortality rates were 59.0 and the graduated mortality rates were 59.8.       

    For females age 90, the crude mortality rates were 114.2 and the graduated mortality rates were 112.0.       

    For females age 95, the crude mortality rates were 192.8 and the graduated mortality rates were 195.4.       

    For females age 100, the crude mortality rates were 312.5 and the graduated mortality rates were 299.7.       

    For females age 105, the crude mortality rates were 421.2 and the graduated mortality rates were 413.3.       

    For females age 110, the graduated mortality rates were 524.8.       

    For females age 115, the graduated mortality rates were 611.3.       

    For females age 120, the graduated mortality rates were 650.0.       

    Chart 4 Footnote

    Chart 4 footnote *

    The highest ages for which the crude mortality rates were judged to be statistically credible are age 97 for males and 101 for females

    Return to chart 4 footnote *

    3.3 Comparison of OAS Beneficiary and Population Mortality (2019)

    Since OAS beneficiaries represent a substantial portion of the Canadian population aged 65 and over, the mortality rates of OAS beneficiaries were compared to those of the population of Canada for the year 2019. The year 2019 was the most current year for which data on population mortality from Statistics Canada Life Tables (CLT) were available at the time of this study. For comparison purposes, mortality rates for year 2019 from the Canada Life Tables were extended to age 120.

    Table 7 and Chart 5 show the ratios of OAS beneficiary to population mortality rates by age and sex for the year 2019. For both sexes in 2019, OAS beneficiary mortality rates are higher than for the population at most ages. In 2019, the mortality rates of male and female OAS beneficiaries at age 65 are 11% and 5% higher, respectively, relative to corresponding mortality rates in the Canadian population. An increase in the ratios at ages 65 to 69 can be observed since 2013. These higher ratios may be the result of the implementation of the OAS deferral provision which took effect in 2012.Those more apt to defer are those with better financial situations (i.e. married and not eligible for the GIS). This results in a population of beneficiaries at ages 65 to 69 that is more skewed towards singles and those receiving GIS, both groups having higher mortality than the general population.

    Between ages 75 and 85, the mortality rates of OAS beneficiaries are about at the same level as those of the Canadian population. Beyond age 85, the OAS beneficiary mortality rates are slightly higher that the general population rates. At age 100, the mortality rates of male and female OAS beneficiaries is 5% and 2% higher, respectively, than the corresponding rates of the Canadian population.

    An important reason that may explain the difference between the OAS and population mortality rates is the differences between the population census survey data used in constructing Canada Life Tables and the OAS administrative data used for this study.

    Table 7 OAS Beneficiary and Population Mortality Rates and Ratios (2019)
    Age Males Females
    Annual Deaths Per Thousand Ratio OAS to Vital Statistics Annual Deaths Per Thousand Ratio OAS to Vital Statistics
    OAS PopulationTable 7 Footnote * OAS PopulationTable 7 Footnote *
    65 12.0 10.8 1.11 7.2 6.9 1.05
    70 18.1 17.5 1.04 11.7 11.3 1.03
    75 28.4 28.7 0.99 19.0 19.1 1.00
    80 47.5 47.8 0.99 33.0 33.1 1.00
    85 83.6 81.1 1.03 59.8 58.9 1.01
    90 149.7 139.7 1.07 112.0 107.5 1.04
    95 245.0 230.9 1.06 195.4 188.5 1.04
    100 355.8 337.8 1.05 299.7 294.5 1.02

    Table 7 Footnote

    Footnote *

    Canada Population mortality rates are based on graduated rates from the Statistics Canada’s 2019 CLT Tables. OCA calculations.

    Return to table 7 footnote *

    Chart 5 - OAS Beneficiary to Population Mortality Ratios (2019)

    Chart Description

    Line chart showing the male and female OAS beneficiaries to the general population mortality ratio in 2019. The Y axis shows the OAS beneficiaries to the general population mortality ratio and the X axis shows the age.       

    At age 65, the OAS beneficiaries to population mortality ratio is 1.11 for males and it is 1.05 for females.       

    At age 70, the OAS beneficiaries to population mortality ratio is 1.04 for males and it is 1.03 for females.       

    At age 75, the OAS beneficiaries to population mortality ratio is 0.99 for males and it is 1.00 for females.       

    At age 80, the OAS beneficiaries to population mortality ratio is 0.99 for males and it is 1.00 for females.       

    At age 85, the OAS beneficiaries to population mortality ratio is 1.03 for males and it is 1.01 for females.       

    At age 90, the OAS beneficiaries to population mortality ratio is 1.07 for males and it is 1.04 for females.       

    At age 95, the OAS beneficiaries to population mortality ratio is 1.06 for males and it is 1.04 for females.       

    At age 100, the OAS beneficiaries to population mortality ratio is 1.05 for males and it is 1.02 for females.       

    3.4 Life Expectancies

    3.4.1 Evolution of OAS Beneficiary Life Expectancies

    Table 8 shows life expectancies for OAS beneficiaries for the year 2019. The gap in life expectancies between female and male OAS beneficiaries reduces as age increases. At age 65, the gap between female and male life expectancies is 2.8 years, while the difference reduces to 0.9 of a year at age 90.

    Table 8 OAS Beneficiary Life Expectancies (2019)
    Age Males Females Difference
    (Females – Males)
    65 19.4 22.2 2.8
    70 15.7 18.1 2.4
    75 12.2 14.3 2.1
    80 9.0 10.7 1.7
    85 6.4 7.7 1.3
    90 4.3 5.3 1.0

    Table 9 shows, for both sexes, the evolution over the period 1999 to 2019 of life expectancies at age 65 of OAS beneficiaries and the general population. In general, OAS beneficiaries experience slightly higher mortality than the general population. In 2019, life expectancies at age 65 for the Canadian population are 19.6 years for males and 22.4 years for females. These population life expectancies are 0.2 of a year higher than the life expectancies of OAS beneficiaries at age 65, which are 19.4 years for males and 22.2 years for females. As discussed above, these differences may be explained by differences in data used.

    Table 9 OAS Beneficiary and Population Life Expectancies at Age 65 (1999-2019)
    Year Life Expectancy at Age 65
    Males Females Difference OAS Females - Males
    OAS Population Difference
    (Pop - OAS)    		 OAS Population Difference
    (Pop - OAS)
    1999 16.1 16.4 0.3 19.9 20.1 0.2 3.8
    2000 16.5 16.7 0.2 20.1 20.2 0.1 3.6
    2001 16.7 17.0 0.3 20.3 20.4 0.1 3.6
    2002 16.9 17.1 0.2 20.3 20.4 0.1 3.4
    2003 17.0 17.3 0.3 20.5 20.6 0.1 3.5
    2004 17.3 17.5 0.2 20.6 20.7 0.1 3.3
    2005 17.5 17.7 0.2 20.7 20.8 0.1 3.2
    2006 17.8 18.0 0.2 21.0 21.1 0.1 3.2
    2007 17.8 18.0 0.2 21.0 21.1 0.1 3.2
    2008 18.0 18.1 0.1 21.1 21.3 0.2 3.1
    2009 18.2 18.4 0.2 21.4 21.5 0.1 3.2
    2010 18.5 18.7 0.2 21.4 21.6 0.2 2.9
    2011 18.6 18.8 0.2 21.5 21.8 0.3 2.9
    2012 18.8 19.0 0.2 21.7 22.0 0.3 2.9
    2013 18.9 19.1 0.2 21.8 21.9 0.1 2.9
    2014 18.9 19.1 0.2 21.9 22.0 0.1 3.0
    2015 19.0 19.2 0.2 21.8 21.9 0.1 2.8
    2016 19.2 19.4 0.2 22.1 22.2 0.1 2.9
    2017 19.1 19.4 0.3 22.0 22.1 0.1 2.9
    2018 19.2 19.5 0.3 22.0 22.1 0.1 2.8
    2019 19.4 19.6 0.2 22.2 22.4 0.2 2.8

    The evolution of life expectancies of OAS beneficiaries for both sexes at age 65 from 1999 to 2019 is also shown in Chart 6. In 2019, the life expectancies at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries are 19.4 years for males and 22.2 years for females. These are 3.3 years and 2.3 years, respectively, higher than the corresponding life expectancies observed in 1999. However, the pace of increase in life expectancy at age 65 has slowed down over the last decade. Between 1999 and 2009, the average overall increase, for both sexes combined, was 2 months per year (from 18.0 to 19.8 years) which compares to a lower average increase over the most recent period 2009 to 2019 of 1 month per year (from 19.8 to 20.8 years). This recent slowdown in mortality improvementsFootnote 2 is analyzed further in Section VII of this study.

    The gap in life expectancies between females and males has decreased from 3.8 years in 1999 to 2.8 years in 2019, with most of the decrease attributed to years prior to 2009 when males have experienced much higher mortality improvements than females.

    Chart 6 - Evolution of OAS Beneficiary Life Expectancies at Age 65 (1999-2019)

    Chart Description

    Two line charts. Chart 6 (i) (left chart) showing the life expectancy at age 65 for males and females. The Y axis shows the life expectancy at age 65 and the X axis shows the age. Chart 6 (ii) (right chart) showing the difference in life expectancy at age 65 between females and males. The Y axis shows the difference in life expectancy at age 65 between females and males and the X axis shows the year.       

    Chart 6(i)       

    For year 1999, the life expectancy at age 65, was 16.1 years for males and 19.9 years for females.       

    For year 2004, the life expectancy at age 65, was 17.3 years for males and 20.6 years for females.       

    For year 2009, the life expectancy at age 65, was 18.2 years for males and 21.4 years for females.       

    For year 2014, the life expectancy at age 65, was 18.9 years for males and 21.9 years for females.       

    For year 2019, the life expectancy at age 65, was 19.4 years for males and 22.2 years for females.       

    Chart 6(ii)       

    For year 1999, the difference in life expectancy at age 65 between females and males was 3.8 years.       

    For year 2004, the difference in life expectancy at age 65 between females and males was 3.3 years.       

    For year 2009, the difference in life expectancy at age 65 between females and males was 3.2 years.       

    For year 2014, the difference in life expectancy at age 65 between females and males was 3.0 years.       

    For year 2019, the difference in life expectancy at age 65 between females and males was 2.8 years.       

    4. OAS Beneficiary Mortality by Type of Benefit

    4.1 Introduction

    This section presents the results of analysis on the mortality of OAS program beneficiaries by type of benefit defined by whether an OAS pensioner receives or not the income-tested GIS benefit.

    4.2 Mortality Experience by Type of Benefit (2019)

    4.2.1 Beneficiaries by Type of Benefit

    The number of beneficiaries by age, sex, and type of benefit received in 2019 is presented in Table 10. In aggregate for all age groups, in 2019, the proportion of male beneficiaries receiving the GIS was 29% compared to 36% of female beneficiaries. This is consistent with the fact that females have on average lower income than males. The differential in the proportion of male and female beneficiaries receiving the GIS increases at the older ages. For the age group 65 to 69, the proportion of males with the GIS is 25% compared to 27% for females, while for the age group 90 to 94, the corresponding proportions are 35% and 52%.

    Table 10 Beneficiaries by Type of Benefit (as at December 31, 2019)
    Age Group Males Females
    Without GIS With GIS Proportion with GIS Without GIS With GIS Proportion with GIS
    65-69 682,829 226,079 25% 726,171 266,795 27%
    70-74 580,581 223,717 28% 588,328 289,607 33%
    75-79 376,406 164,687 30% 382,273 235,824 38%
    80-84 228,525 117,144 34% 245,645 192,453 44%
    85-89 132,478 71,262 35% 159,541 144,762 48%
    90-94 51,493 28,311 35% 78,468 83,499 52%
    95-99 11,034 6,181 36% 24,096 30,134 56%
    100+ 877 759 46% 2,781 5,430 66%
    Total 2,064,223 838,140 29% 2,207,303 1,248,504 36%

    Tables 42 to 48 in the Annex show various statistics related to the OAS program by individual age, sex, and type of benefit.

    4.2.1.1 Deaths by Type of Benefit

    Table 11 presents the number of deaths of OAS beneficiaries by age, sex, and type of benefit in 2019. In aggregate for all age groups, the proportion of males with the GIS at death is 39% compared to 52% for females. This reflects that on average females live longer than males and that an increasing proportion of females receive the GIS as age advances. For the age group 65 to 69, the proportion of males who were receiving the GIS at death is 40% compared to 43% for females. For the age group 90 to 94, the corresponding proportions are 37% and 54%.

    Table 11 Deaths by Type of Benefit (2019)
    Age Group Males Females
    Without GIS With GIS Proportion with GIS Without GIS With GIS Proportion with GIS
    65-69 7,925 5,262 40% 5,057 3,839 43%
    70-74 10,175 7,144 41% 6,556 5,751 47%
    75-79 10,986 7,654 41% 7,384 7,153 49%
    80-84 12,433 8,350 40% 9,151 9,449 51%
    85-89 13,868 8,422 38% 11,407 12,622 53%
    90-94 9,676 5,684 37% 11,198 13,022 54%
    95-99 3,546 1,932 35% 5,858 7,774 57%
    100+ 408 346 46% 1,126 2,212 66%
    Total 69,017 44,794 39% 57,737 61,822 52%
    4.2.1.2 Exposures by Type of Benefit

    Table 12 shows that exposures by age group, sex, and type of benefit are consistent with the distribution of beneficiaries shown in Table 10. In general, female exposures exceed that of males for each type of benefit because of females’ greater longevity. The age structure of the amount of exposures by type of OAS benefit received in 2019 for each sex is shown in Chart 7.

    Table 12 Exposures by Type of Benefit (2019)
    Age Group Males Females
    Without GIS With GIS Proportion with GIS Without GIS With GIS Proportion with GIS
    65-69 694,596 229,783 25% 725,629 272,376 27%
    70-74 572,163 221,851 28% 575,665 288,181 33%
    75-79 368,049 164,095 31% 373,577 235,743 39%
    80-84 225,411 116,998 34% 242,322 193,060 44%
    85-89 131,457 71,173 35% 158,406 145,741 48%
    90-94 50,757 27,988 36% 78,072 84,194 52%
    95-99 10,865 6,116 36% 23,626 30,027 56%
    100+ 869 740 46% 2,761 5,369 66%
    Total 2,054,167 838,743 29% 2,180,057 1,254,692 37%

    Chart 7 - Exposures by Type of Benefit (2019)

    Chart Description

    Two vertical bar charts. Chart 7 (i) (Top chart) is for males and Chart 7 (ii) (Bottom chart) is for females. Both charts show the number of exposures by type of benefit by age in 2019. The Y axis shows the number of exposures and the X axis shows the age.       

    Chart 7(i)       

    For age 65, the number of exposures was 150,921 for those OAS without GIS and 41,264 for those OAS with GIS.       

    For age 70, the number of exposures was 126,699 for those OAS without GIS and 48,131 for those OAS with GIS.       

    For age 75, the number of exposures was 88,430 for those OAS without GIS and 36,615 for those OAS with GIS.       

    For age 80, the number of exposures was 54,334 for those OAS without GIS and 27,199 for those OAS with GIS.       

    For age 85, the number of exposures was 32,784 for those OAS without GIS and 17,762 for those OAS with GIS.       

    For age 90, the number of exposures was 15,304 for those OAS without GIS and 8,465 for those OAS with GIS.       

    For age 95, the number of exposures was 4,053 for those OAS without GIS and 2,231 for those OAS with GIS.       

    For age 100, the number of exposures was 377 for those OAS without GIS and 268 for those OAS with GIS.       

    Chart Description

    Chart 7(ii)       

    For age 65, the number of exposures was 157,694 for those OAS without GIS and 47,372 for those OAS with GIS.       

    For age 70, the number of exposures was 129,224 for those OAS without GIS and 60,323 for those OAS with GIS.       

    For age 75, the number of exposures was 88,557 for those OAS without GIS and 50,350 for those OAS with GIS.       

    For age 80, the number of exposures was 56,667 for those OAS without GIS and 42,284 for those OAS with GIS.       

    For age 85, the number of exposures was 37,244 for those OAS without GIS and 32,898 for those OAS with GIS.       

    For age 90, the number of exposures was 21,318 for those OAS without GIS and 21,804 for those OAS with GIS.       

    For age 95, the number of exposures was 8,059 for those OAS without GIS and 9,493 for those OAS with GIS.       

    For age 100, the number of exposures was 1,104 for those OAS without GIS and 1,928 for those OAS with GIS.       

    4.2.1.3 Graduated Mortality Rates by Type of Benefit

    A comparison of mortality rates by type of benefit received is shown in Table 13 and Chart 8. Those beneficiaries not in receipt of the GIS experience lower mortality compared to overall OAS beneficiaries, while those who receive the GIS experience higher mortality. In 2019, GIS beneficiaries aged 65 experienced mortality that is 67% higher than the overall OAS population and about twice the level of those not receiving the GIS. In comparison, beneficiaries not receiving the experienced mortality that is about 18% lower than the overall OAS population. In both cases however, there is convergence to the overall OAS program mortality as age increases.

    Table 13 Graduated Mortality Rates and Ratios by Type of Benefit (2019)
    Age Males
    Overall OAS
    (annual deaths
    per thousand)    		 Without GIS
    (annual deaths
    per thousand)    		 Ratio without GIS to Overall With GIS (annual deaths
    per thousand)    		 Ratio
    with GIS
    to Overall    		 Ratio
    With to Without GIS
    65 12.0 9.8 0.82 20.0 1.67 2.04
    70 18.1 14.6 0.81 27.4 1.51 1.87
    75 28.4 23.8 0.84 39.4 1.39 1.66
    80 47.5 42.2 0.89 58.0 1.22 1.37
    85 83.6 78.9 0.94 92.2 1.10 1.17
    90 149.7 146.2 0.98 155.6 1.04 1.06
    95 245.0 244.0 1.00 247.6 1.01 1.01
    100 355.8 355.8 1.00 355.8 1.00 1.00
    Age Females
    Overall OAS
    (annual deaths
    per thousand)    		 Without GIS
    (annual deaths
    per thousand)    		 Ratio without GIS to Overall With GIS (annual deaths
    per thousand)    		 Ratio
    with GIS
    to Overall    		 Ratio
    With to Without GIS
    65 7.2 5.9 0.81 11.9 1.64 2.02
    70 11.7 9.2 0.79 17.0 1.45 1.84
    75 19.0 15.6 0.82 25.1 1.32 1.61
    80 33.0 28.5 0.86 39.0 1.18 1.37
    85 59.8 54.2 0.91 66.0 1.10 1.22
    90 112.0 106.6 0.95 117.6 1.05 1.10
    95 195.4 194.2 0.99 195.9 1.00 1.01
    100 299.7 299.7 1.00 300.0 1.00 1.00

    Chart 8 - OAS Beneficiary Mortality Ratios by Type of Benefit (2019)

    Chart Description

    Line chart showing the male and female OAS mortality ratios by type of benefit for year 2019. The Y axis shows the mortality ratio by type of benefit relative to the overall OAS program mortality and the X axis shows the age.       

    At age 65, male mortality ratio for those with OAS without GIS is 0.82 and the male mortality ratio for those OAS with GIS is 1.67. In comparison, female mortality ratio for those with OAS without GIS is 0.81 and the male mortality ratio for those OAS with GIS is 1.64.       

    At age 70, male mortality ratio for those with OAS without GIS is 0.81 and the male mortality ratio for those OAS with GIS is 1.51. In comparison, female mortality ratio for those with OAS without GIS is 0.79 and the male mortality ratio for those OAS with GIS is 1.45.       

    At age 75, male mortality ratio for those with OAS without GIS is 0.84 and the male mortality ratio for those OAS with GIS is 1.39. In comparison, female mortality ratio for those with OAS without GIS is 0.82 and the male mortality ratio for those OAS with GIS is 1.32.       

    At age 80, male mortality ratio for those with OAS without GIS is 0.89 and the male mortality ratio for those OAS with GIS is 1.22. In comparison, female mortality ratio for those with OAS without GIS is 0.86 and the male mortality ratio for those OAS with GIS is 1.18.       

    At age 85, male mortality ratio for those with OAS without GIS is 0.94 and the male mortality ratio for those OAS with GIS is 1.10. In comparison, female mortality ratio for those with OAS without GIS is 0.91 and the male mortality ratio for those OAS with GIS is 1.10.       

    At age 90, male mortality ratio for those with OAS without GIS is 0.98 and the male mortality ratio for those OAS with GIS is 1.04. In comparison, female mortality ratio for those with OAS without GIS is 0.95 and the male mortality ratio for those OAS with GIS is 1.05.       

    At age 95, male mortality ratio for those with OAS without GIS is 1.00 and the male mortality ratio for those OAS with GIS is 1.01. In comparison, female mortality ratio for those with OAS without GIS is 0.99 and the male mortality ratio for those OAS with GIS is 1.00.       

    At age 100, male mortality ratio for those with OAS without GIS is 1.00 and the male mortality ratio for those OAS with GIS is 1.00. In comparison, female mortality ratio for those with OAS without GIS is 1.00 and the male mortality ratio for those OAS with GIS is 1.00.       

    4.3 Life Expectancies by Type of Benefit

    4.3.1 Comparison of Life Expectancies by Age, Sex, and Type of Benefit (2019)

    Table 14 shows life expectancies for beneficiaries by age, sex, and type of benefit received. In 2019, the life expectancy at age 65 for males not receiving the GIS was 20.3 years compared to 17.4 years for those receiving the GIS. The corresponding life expectancies at age 65 for females are 23.2 years and 20.7 years. For both sexes, the difference in life expectancies between those without and with the GIS reduces as age increases.

    Table 14 Life Expectancies by Type of Benefit (2019)
    Age Males Females
    Overall OAS Without GIS With GIS Difference Overall OAS Without GIS With GIS Difference
    65 19.4 20.3 17.4 2.9 22.2 23.2 20.7 2.5
    70 15.7 16.4 14.2 2.2 18.1 18.9 17.0 1.9
    75 12.2 12.7 11.2 1.5 14.3 14.9 13.5 1.4
    80 9.0 9.3 8.5 0.8 10.7 11.1 10.3 0.8
    85 6.4 6.5 6.2 0.3 7.7 7.9 7.5 0.4
    90 4.3 4.4 4.2 0.2 5.3 5.3 5.2 0.1

    4.3.2 Evolution of Life Expectancies by Type of Benefit

    Table 15 and Chart 9 show the evolution of life expectancies at age 65 by type of benefit over the period 1999 to 2019. Over the period, low-income male beneficiaries (those receiving the GIS) have seen their life expectancy increase by about 2.9 years, while those with higher-income (not receiving the GIS) saw their life expectancy increase by 3.4 years. For females, the corresponding increases in life expectancy are about 1.9 years for those receiving the GIS compared to 2.4 years for those not receiving the benefit.

    As a result, the difference in life expectancies at age 65 between beneficiaries not receiving the GIS and those in receipt of the benefit has shown an overall small, gradual increase over the period for both sexes. For males, the differential between those without and with the GIS increased overall from about 2.4 years in 1999 to 2.9 years in 2019. For females, the corresponding differential increased overall from about 2.0 to 2.5 years.

    Table 15 Evolution of Life Expectancies at Age 65 by Type of Benefit (1999-2019)
    Year Males Females
    Overall OAS Without GIS With GIS Difference
    (Without – With GIS)    		 Overall OAS Without GIS With GIS Difference
    (Without – With GIS)
    1999 16.1 16.9 14.5 2.4 19.9 20.8 18.8 2.0
    2000 16.5 17.3 14.8 2.5 20.1 21.0 18.9 2.1
    2001 16.7 17.4 15.2 2.2 20.3 21.1 19.1 2.0
    2002 16.9 17.6 15.3 2.3 20.3 21.1 19.3 1.8
    2003 17.0 17.7 15.5 2.2 20.5 21.3 19.4 1.9
    2004 17.3 18.1 15.7 2.4 20.6 21.5 19.5 2.0
    2005 17.5 18.2 15.9 2.3 20.7 21.6 19.6 2.0
    2006 17.8 18.5 16.3 2.2 21.0 21.8 19.9 1.9
    2007 17.8 18.6 16.2 2.4 21.0 21.8 19.9 1.9
    2008 18.0 18.8 16.2 2.6 21.1 22.0 19.9 2.1
    2009 18.2 19.0 16.5 2.5 21.4 22.2 20.1 2.1
    2010 18.5 19.2 16.8 2.4 21.4 22.3 20.1 2.2
    2011 18.6 19.5 16.8 2.7 21.5 22.4 20.3 2.1
    2012 18.8 19.6 16.9 2.7 21.7 22.6 20.4 2.2
    2013 18.9 19.7 17.1 2.6 21.8 22.6 20.4 2.2
    2014 18.9 19.8 17.0 2.8 21.9 22.7 20.5 2.2
    2015 19.0 19.8 17.2 2.6 21.8 22.6 20.6 2.0
    2016 19.2 20.1 17.3 2.8 22.1 22.9 20.7 2.2
    2017 19.1 20.0 17.3 2.7 22.0 22.9 20.6 2.3
    2018 19.2 20.1 17.3 2.8 22.0 22.9 20.5 2.4
    2019 19.4 20.3 17.4 2.9 22.2 23.2 20.7 2.5

    Chart 9 - Evolution of Life Expectancies at Age 65 by Type of Benefit (1999-2019)

    Chart Description

    Two line charts. Chart 9(i) (left chart) showing the life expectancy at age 65 for males and females by type of benefit. The Y axis shows the life expectancy at age 65 and the X axis shows the age. Chart 9(ii) (right chart), where the Y axis shows the difference in life expectancy at age 65 between females and males by type of benefit and the X axis shows the year.       

    Chart 9(i)       

    For year 1999, the males’ life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries without GIS was 16.9 years and 14.5 years for OAS beneficiaries with GIS. The females’ life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries without GIS was 20.8 years and 18.8 years for OAS beneficiaries with GIS.       

    For year 2004, the males’ life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries without GIS was 18.1 years and 15.7 years for OAS beneficiaries with GIS. The females’ life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries without GIS was 21.5 years and 19.5 years for OAS beneficiaries with GIS.       

    For year 2009, the males’ life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries without GIS was 19.0 years and 16.5 years for OAS beneficiaries with GIS. The females’ life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries without GIS was 22.2 years and 20.1 years for OAS beneficiaries with GIS.       

    For year 2014, the males’ life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries without GIS was 19.8 years and 17.0 years for OAS beneficiaries with GIS. The females’ life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries without GIS was 22.7 years and 20.5 years for OAS beneficiaries with GIS.       

    For year 2019, the males’ life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries without GIS was 20.3 years and 17.4 years for OAS beneficiaries with GIS. The females’ life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries without GIS was 23.2 years and 20.7 years for OAS beneficiaries with GIS.       

    Chart 9(ii)       

    For year 1999, the difference in males’ life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries without GIS and OAS beneficiaries with GIS was 2.4 years. The difference in females’ life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries without GIS and OAS beneficiaries with GIS was 2.0 years.       

    For year 2004, the difference in males’ life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries without GIS and OAS beneficiaries with GIS was 2.4 years. The difference in females’ life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries without GIS and OAS beneficiaries with GIS was 2.0 years.       

    For year 2009, the difference in males’ life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries without GIS and OAS beneficiaries with GIS was 2.5 years. The difference in females’ life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries without GIS and OAS beneficiaries with GIS was 2.1 years.       

    For year 2014, the difference in males’ life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries without GIS and OAS beneficiaries with GIS was 2.8 years. The difference in females’ life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries without GIS and OAS beneficiaries with GIS was 2.2 years.       

    For year 2019, the difference in males’ life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries without GIS and OAS beneficiaries with GIS was 2.9 years. The difference in females’ life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries without GIS and OAS beneficiaries with GIS was 2.5 years.       

    5. OAS Beneficiary Mortality by Marital Status and Type of Benefit

    5.1 Introduction

    This section presents the results of analysis on the mortality of OAS program beneficiaries by marital status and type of benefit.

    5.2 Mortality Experience by Marital Status and Type of Benefit for Year 2019

    5.2.1 Beneficiaries by Marital Status and Type of Benefit

    The number of beneficiaries by age, sex, marital status, and type of benefit in 2019 is presented in Table 16. In aggregate for all age groups, the proportion of male beneficiaries without the GIS who are married is 77% compared to 56% for those with GIS benefits. Overall, the proportion of female beneficiaries without the GIS who are married is 59% compared to 30% for those with GIS benefits.

    For all age groups and both sexes, those with the GIS are more likely to be single than those without the GIS, especially at the younger ages. As well, for all age groups and both benefit types, females are more likely to be single compared to males, especially at the older ages due to females’ greater longevity.

    Table 16 Beneficiaries by Marital Status and Type of Benefit (as at December 31st 2019)
    Males
    Age Group Overall OAS Without GIS With GIS
    Married Single Married Single %Married %Single Married Single %Married %Single
    65-69 645,595 263,313 530,204 152,625 78% 22% 115,391 110,688 51% 49%
    70-74 588,650 215,648 464,227 116,354 80% 20% 124,423 99,294 56% 44%
    75-79 395,828 145,265 297,648 78,758 79% 21% 98,180 66,507 60% 40%
    80-84 242,807 102,862 171,052 57,473 75% 25% 71,755 45,389 61% 39%
    85-89 127,986 75,754 87,176 45,302 66% 34% 40,810 30,452 57% 43%
    90-94 40,199 39,605 26,661 24,832 52% 48% 13,538 14,773 48% 52%
    95-99 6,122 11,093 3,989 7,045 36% 64% 2,133 4,048 35% 65%
    100+ 362 1,274 204 673 23% 77% 158 601 21% 79%
    Total 2,047,549 854,814 1,581,161 483,062 77% 23% 466,388 371,752 56% 44%
    Females
    Age Group Overall OAS Without GIS With GIS
    Married Single Married Single %Married %Single Married Single %Married %Single
    65-69 622,085 370,881 512,380 213,791 71% 29% 109,705 157,090 41% 59%
    70-74 507,407 370,528 395,112 193,216 67% 33% 112,295 177,312 39% 61%
    75-79 304,267 313,830 224,904 157,369 59% 41% 79,363 156,461 34% 66%
    80-84 161,442 276,656 112,468 133,177 46% 54% 48,974 143,479 25% 75%
    85-89 68,518 235,785 46,777 112,764 29% 71% 21,741 123,021 15% 85%
    90-94 17,080 144,887 11,593 66,875 15% 85% 5,487 78,012 7% 93%
    95-99 2,111 52,119 1,489 22,607 6% 94% 622 29,512 2% 98%
    100+ 98 8,113 70 2,711 3% 97% 28 5,402 1% 99%
    Total 1,683,008 1,772,799 1,304,793 902,510 59% 41% 378,215 870,289 30% 70%

    Tables 49 to 64 in the Annex show various statistics related to the OAS program by individual age, sex, marital status, and type of benefit.

    5.2.2 Deaths by Marital Status and Type of Benefit

    Table 17 shows that as females live longer than males, the probability of being single at death is higher for females than males. There is also variation by age group, marital status, and type of benefit as to being single at death. For example, for the age group 85 to 89, 41% of males without the GIS were single at death compared to 51% of those in receipt of the GIS. For females in the same age group, 77% without the GIS were single at death, compared to 88% of those with the GIS.

    Table 17 Deaths by Marital Status and Type of Benefit (2019)
    Males
    Age Group Overall OAS Without GIS With GIS
    Married Single Married Single %Married %Single Married Single %Married %Single
    65-69 6,695 6,492 5,058 2,867 64% 36% 1,637 3,625 31% 69%
    70-74 9,870 7,449 7,106 3,069 70% 30% 2,764 4,380 39% 61%
    75-79 11,255 7,385 7,609 3,377 69% 31% 3,646 4,008 48% 52%
    80-84 12,690 8,093 8,367 4,066 67% 33% 4,323 4,027 52% 48%
    85-89 12,283 10,007 8,174 5,694 59% 41% 4,109 4,313 49% 51%
    90-94 6,832 8,528 4,424 5,252 46% 54% 2,408 3,276 42% 58%
    95-99 1,826 3,652 1,191 2,355 34% 66% 635 1,297 33% 67%
    100+ 163 591 95 313 23% 77% 68 278 20% 80%
    Total 61,614 52,197 42,024 26,993 61% 39% 19,590 25,204 44% 56%
    Females
    Age Group Overall OAS Without GIS With GIS
    Married Single Married Single %Married %Single Married Single %Married %Single
    65-69 4,169 4,727 3,064 1,993 61% 39% 1,105 2,734 29% 71%
    70-74 5,437 6,870 3,853 2,703 59% 41% 1,584 4,167 28% 72%
    75-79 5,465 9,072 3,632 3,752 49% 51% 1,833 5,320 26% 74%
    80-84 5,311 13,289 3,347 5,804 37% 63% 1,964 7,485 21% 79%
    85-89 4,229 19,800 2,679 8,728 23% 77% 1,550 11,072 12% 88%
    90-94 2,097 22,123 1,381 9,817 12% 88% 716 12,306 5% 95%
    95-99 464 13,168 301 5,557 5% 95% 163 7,611 2% 98%
    100+ 24 3,314 20 1,106 2% 98% 4 2,208 0% 100%
    Total 27,196 92,363 18,277 39,460 32% 68% 8,919 52,903 14% 86%

    5.2.3 Exposures by Marital Status and Type of Benefit

    Table 18 shows the distributions of the exposures for the year 2019, by age group, sex, marital status, and type of benefit. Again, as females generally live longer than males, the proportion of exposures related to single rather than married beneficiaries is higher for females than for males for both benefit types, especially at the advanced ages. The distributions in Table 18 are consistent with those in Table 16, and as such, the other observations made earlier for Table 16 apply here as well.

    Table 18 Exposures by Marital Status and Type of Benefit (2019)
    Males
    Age Group Overall OAS Without GIS With GIS
    Married Single Married Single %Married %Single Married Single %Married %Single
    65-69 657,959 266,421 540,429 154,168 78% 22% 117,530 112,253 51% 49%
    70-74 580,260 213,754 456,924 115,240 80% 20% 123,337 98,514 56% 44%
    75-79 387,636 144,508 289,712 78,336 79% 21% 97,923 66,172 60% 40%
    80-84 238,240 104,168 166,973 58,438 74% 26% 71,267 45,731 61% 39%
    85-89 124,871 77,760 84,855 46,603 65% 35% 40,016 31,157 56% 44%
    90-94 38,473 40,272 25,432 25,324 50% 50% 13,040 14,947 47% 53%
    95-99 5,870 11,110 3,826 7,039 35% 65% 2,044 4,071 33% 67%
    100+ 344 1,265 195 673 23% 77% 148 592 20% 80%
    Total 2,033,652 859,258 1,568,346 485,821 76% 24% 465,306 373,437 55% 45%
    Females
    Age Group Overall OAS Without GIS With GIS
    Married Single Married Single %Married %Single Married Single %Married %Single
    65-69 620,482 377,523 509,314 216,314 70% 30% 111,168 161,208 41% 59%
    70-74 493,726 370,119 383,177 192,488 67% 33% 110,550 177,631 38% 62%
    75-79 293,925 315,394 216,015 157,562 58% 42% 77,910 157,833 33% 67%
    80-84 154,669 280,712 107,287 135,035 44% 56% 47,382 145,678 25% 75%
    85-89 64,742 239,405 44,081 114,325 28% 72% 20,661 125,080 14% 86%
    90-94 15,809 146,456 10,748 67,323 14% 86% 5,061 79,133 6% 94%
    95-99 1,937 51,717 1,369 22,257 6% 94% 567 29,460 2% 98%
    100+ 85 8,045 60 2,701 2% 98% 25 5,344 0% 100%
    Total 1,645,376 1,789,372 1,272,052 908,005 58% 42% 373,324 881,367 30% 70%

    5.2.4 OAS Beneficiary Mortality by Age and Marital Status

    Table 19 and Chart 10 show a comparison of mortality rates by age, sex, and marital status for year 2019. Males generally experience more of a mortality differential by marital status than females. The mortality ratio of single to married males is higher than for females at all ages. In 2019, at age 65, married males experience mortality that is 33% lower than for the overall program while it is 24% lower for females. In comparison, at age 65, male singles experience mortality that is 79% higher than for the overall program, while the corresponding percentage for females experience mortality is 42%. As a result, the ratio of single mortality to married mortality is 2.68 for males and of 1.88 for females. For both sexes, married and singles, mortality gradually converges to the overall level as age increases.

    Table 19 OAS Beneficiary Graduated Mortality Rates and Ratios by Marital Status (2019)
    Year Males Females
    Overall OAS (annual deaths per thousand) Married (annual deaths per thousand) Ratio Married to Overall Single (annual deaths per thousand) Ratio Single
    to Overall    		 Ratio Single
    to Married    		 Overall OAS (annual deaths per thousand) Married (annual deaths per thousand) Ratio Married to Overall Single (annual deaths per thousand) Ratio Single
    to Overall    		 Ratio Single
    to Married
    65 12.0 8.0 0.67 21.4 1.79 2.68 7.25 5.49 0.76 10.32 1.42 1.88
    70 18.1 13.8 0.76 29.6 1.63 2.15 11.71 9.00 0.77 15.70 1.34 1.75
    75 28.4 23.0 0.81 42.9 1.51 1.86 19.05 14.99 0.79 23.49 1.23 1.57
    80 47.5 41.1 0.87 63.4 1.33 1.54 32.97 26.38 0.80 37.45 1.14 1.42
    85 83.6 75.3 0.90 99.1 1.19 1.32 59.77 50.41 0.84 63.20 1.06 1.25
    90 149.7 137.4 0.92 163.0 1.09 1.19 112.05 101.70 0.91 113.61 1.01 1.12
    95 245.0 232.8 0.95 253.4 1.03 1.09 195.36 190.57 0.98 195.84 1.00 1.03
    100 355.8 350.8 0.99 359.8 1.01 1.03 299.71 299.71 1.00 300.50 1.00 1.00

    Chart 10 - OAS Beneficiary Mortality Ratios by Marital Status (2019)

    Chart Description

    Line chart showing the males and females OAS mortality ratios by marital status for year 2019. The Y axis shows the mortality ratio by marital status relative to the overall OAS program mortality and the X axis shows the age.       

    At age 65, for males that are married the mortality ratio is 0.67 and 1.79 for males that are single. For females that are married the mortality ratio is 0.76 and 1.42 for females that are single.       

    At age 70, for males that are married the mortality ratio is 0.76 and 1.63 for males that are single. For females that are married the mortality ratio is 0.77 and 1.34 for females that are single.       

    At age 75, for males that are married the mortality ratio is 0.81 and 1.51 for males that are single. For females that are married the mortality ratio is 0.79 and 1.23 for females that are single.       

    At age 80, for males that are married the mortality ratio is 0.87 and 1.33 for males that are single. For females that are married the mortality ratio is 0.80 and 1.14 for females that are single.       

    At age 85, for males that are married the mortality ratio is 0.90 and 1.19 for males that are single. For females that are married the mortality ratio is 0.84 and 1.06 for females that are single.       

    At age 90, for males that are married the mortality ratio is 0.92 and 1.09 for males that are single. For females that are married the mortality ratio is 0.91 and 1.01 for females that are single.       

    At age 95, for males that are married the mortality ratio is 0.95 and 1.03 for males that are single. For females that are married the mortality ratio is 0.98 and 1.00 for females that are single.       

    At age 100, for males that are married the mortality ratio is 0.99 and 1.01 for males that are single. For females that are married or single the mortality ratio is 1.00.       

    5.2.5 Mortality by Marital Status and Type of Benefit

    Table 20 and Chart 11 show a comparison of male mortality rates by age, marital status, and type of benefit. Single males in receipt of the GIS experience the highest mortality at most ages. For example, at age 65, single male GIS beneficiaries experience mortality that is almost two and a half times more than that of the overall OAS population. Single males without the GIS experience mortality that is higher compared to married GIS beneficiaries. Married males without the GIS experience the lowest mortality except at the very advanced ages. All subgroups show convergence to overall program mortality as age increases.

    However, it should be noted that people living alone at older ages include widows/ers. As shown in CPP30, CPP survivor beneficiaries have higher mortality than the general population. For example in 2019, the difference in period life expectancy at age 65 between male survivors and the general population is 1.5 years. The difference for females is 1.0 years. Therefore, the analysis of OAS mortality trends by marital status must be interpreted with caution so that the ‘widow effect’ is well understood and considered. Nevertheless, the life expectancy gap between single and married individuals is higher than the gap between survivors and the general population. This points to additional reasons that may explain this difference in mortality. The lower mortality for married individuals may be related to better socio-economic situations of married individuals, and to the fact that a spouse provides physical and emotional support that has a positive impact on general health and well-being.

    Table 20 Mortality Rates and Ratios by Marital Status and Type of Benefit - Males (2019)
    Year Overall OAS (annual deaths per thousand) Without GIS With GIS
    Married (annual deaths per thousand) Ratio Married to Overall Single (annual deaths per thousand) Ratio Single
    to Overall    		 Ratio Single
    to Married    		 Married (annual deaths per thousand) Ratio Married to Overall Single (annual deaths per thousand) Ratio Single
    to Overall    		 Ratio Single
    to Married
    65 12.0 7.6 0.64 16.6 1.39 2.18 9.9 0.83 29.4 2.46 2.96
    70 18.1 12.6 0.69 22.4 1.24 1.78 18.3 1.01 37.9 2.09 2.07
    75 28.4 20.8 0.73 35.1 1.24 1.69 30.3 1.07 51.8 1.83 1.71
    80 47.5 38.2 0.81 55.2 1.16 1.44 48.2 1.02 73.2 1.54 1.52
    85 83.6 72.9 0.87 92.1 1.10 1.26 80.4 0.96 108.9 1.30 1.35
    90 149.7 135.4 0.90 158.7 1.06 1.17 141.2 0.94 169.5 1.13 1.20
    95 245.0 230.8 0.94 254.1 1.04 1.10 235.4 0.96 254.4 1.04 1.08
    100 355.8 348.6 0.98 368.2 1.03 1.06 355.6 1.00 358.3 1.01 1.01

    Chart 11 - Mortality Ratios by Marital Status, and Type of Benefit - Males (2019)

    Chart Description

    Line chart showing the males OAS mortality ratios by type of benefit and by marital status for year 2019. The Y axis shows the mortality ratio by type of benefit and by marital status relative to the overall OAS program mortality and the X axis shows the age.       

    At age 65, for male OAS beneficiaries without GIS who are married the mortality ratio is 0.64 and 1.39 for those who are single. For male OAS beneficiaries with GIS who are married the mortality ratio is 0.83 and 2.46 for those who are single.       

    At age 70, for male OAS beneficiaries without GIS who are married the mortality ratio is 0.69 and 1.24 for those who are single. For male OAS beneficiaries with GIS who are married the mortality ratio is 1.01 and 2.09 for those who are single.       

    At age 75, for male OAS beneficiaries without GIS who are married the mortality ratio is 0.73 and 1.24 for those who are single. For male OAS beneficiaries with GIS who are married the mortality ratio is 1.07 and 1.83 for those who are single.       

    At age 80, for male OAS beneficiaries without GIS who are married the mortality ratio is 0.81 and 1.16 for those who are single. For male OAS beneficiaries with GIS who are married the mortality ratio is 1.02 and 1.54 for those who are single.       

    At age 85, for male OAS beneficiaries without GIS who are married the mortality ratio is 0.87 and 1.10 for those who are single. For male OAS beneficiaries with GIS who are married the mortality ratio is 0.96 and 1.30 for those who are single.       

    At age 90, for male OAS beneficiaries without GIS who are married the mortality ratio is 0.90 and 1.06 for those who are single. For male OAS beneficiaries with GIS who are married the mortality ratio is 0.94 and 1.13 for those who are single.       

    At age 95, for male OAS beneficiaries without GIS who are married the mortality ratio is 0.94 and 1.04 for those who are single. For male OAS beneficiaries with GIS who are married the mortality ratio is 0.96 and 1.04 for those who are single.       

    At age 100, for male OAS beneficiaries without GIS who are married the mortality ratio is 0.98 and 1.03 for those who are single. For male OAS beneficiaries with GIS who are married the mortality ratio is 1.00 and 1.01 for those who are single.       

    Table 21 and Chart 12 show female mortality rates by age, marital status, and type of benefit. Single female GIS beneficiaries experience the highest mortality of all female beneficiaries, except at the very advanced ages. The mortality ratio for single female GIS beneficiaries relative to the overall program, which is 2.02 at age 65, converges more rapidly to 1.0 with increasing age compared to males. Married female GIS beneficiaries experience mortality that is very similar to that of single females without the GIS. As well, females in these two subgroups experience mortality that is similar to the overall program level, with mortality ratios relative to the program close to one at all ages.

    Married females not in receipt of GIS benefits experience the lowest mortality at all ages compared to other subgroups. All subgroups show convergence to the overall program mortality as age increases.

    Table 21 Mortality by Marital Status and Type of Benefit - Females (2019)
    Year Overall OAS (annual deaths per thousand) Without GIS With GIS
    Married (annual deaths per thousand) Ratio Married to Overall Single (annual deaths per thousand) Ratio Single
    to Overall    		 Ratio Single
    to Married    		 Married (annual deaths per thousand) Ratio Married to Overall Single (annual deaths per thousand) Ratio Single
    to Overall    		 Ratio Single
    to Married
    65 7.2 5.1 0.70 7.7 1.06 1.51 7.8 1.08 14.7 2.02 1.88
    70 11.7 8.1 0.69 11.7 1.00 1.45 12.3 1.05 20.1 1.72 1.63
    75 19.0 13.7 0.72 18.6 0.98 1.36 18.9 0.99 28.5 1.50 1.51
    80 33.0 23.9 0.73 32.9 1.00 1.38 32.3 0.98 41.7 1.26 1.29
    85 59.8 46.5 0.78 58.4 0.98 1.25 58.8 0.98 67.6 1.13 1.15
    90 112.0 97.1 0.87 108.3 0.97 1.12 109.6 0.98 118.4 1.06 1.08
    95 195.4 186.2 0.95 195.0 1.00 1.05 195.9 1.00 196.2 1.00 1.00
    100 299.7 299.7 1.00 301.9 1.01 1.01 300.0 1.00 300.7 1.00 1.00

    Chart 12 - Mortality Ratios by Marital Status and Type of Benefit - Females (2019)

    Chart Description

    Line chart showing the female OAS mortality ratios by type of benefit and by marital status for year 2019. The Y axis shows the mortality ratio by type of benefit and by marital status relative to the overall OAS program mortality and the X axis shows the age.       

    At age 65, for female OAS beneficiaries without GIS who are married the mortality ratio is 0.70 and 1.06 for those who are single. For female OAS beneficiaries with GIS who are married the mortality ratio is 1.08 and 2.02 for those who are single.       

    At age 70, for female OAS beneficiaries without GIS who are married the mortality ratio is 0.69 and 1.00 for those who are single. For female OAS beneficiaries with GIS who are married the mortality ratio is 1.05 and 1.72 for those who are single.       

    At age 75, for female OAS beneficiaries without GIS who are married the mortality ratio is 0.72 and 0.98 for those who are single. For female OAS beneficiaries with GIS who are married the mortality ratio is 0.99 and 1.50 for those who are single.       

    At age 80, for female OAS beneficiaries without GIS who are married the mortality ratio is 0.73 and 1.00 for those who are single. For female OAS beneficiaries with GIS who are married the mortality ratio is 0.98 and 1.26 for those who are single.       

    At age 85, for female OAS beneficiaries without GIS who are married the mortality ratio is 0.78 and 0.98 for those who are single. For female OAS beneficiaries with GIS who are married the mortality ratio is 0.98 and 1.13 for those who are single.       

    At age 90, for female OAS beneficiaries without GIS who are married the mortality ratio is 0.87 and 0.97 for those who are single. For female OAS beneficiaries with GIS who are married the mortality ratio is 0.98 and 1.06 for those who are single.       

    At age 95, for female OAS beneficiaries without GIS who are married the mortality ratio is 0.95 and 1.00 for those who are single. For female OAS beneficiaries with GIS who are married or single the mortality ratio is 1.00.       

    At age 100, for female OAS beneficiaries without GIS who are married the mortality ratio is 1.00 and 1.01 for those who are single. For female OAS beneficiaries with GIS who are married or single the mortality ratio is 1.00.       

    5.3 Life Expectancies by Marital Status and Type of Benefit

    5.3.1 Evolution of OAS Beneficiary Life Expectancies by Marital Status

    Table 22 shows the life expectancies for beneficiaries by age, sex, and marital status. For both males and females, the life expectancies of married beneficiaries are higher than those of single beneficiaries.

    In 2019, the life expectancies at age 65 are 20.7 years for married males and 16.8 years for singles, and the corresponding life expectancies at age 65 for married and single females are 23.5 and 21.1 years, respectively.

    For both sexes, the difference in life expectancies between married and single beneficiaries reduces as age increases.

    Table 22 OAS Beneficiary Life Expectancies by Marital Status (2019)
    Age Males Females
    Overall OAS Married Single Difference
    Married - Single    		 Overall OAS Married Single Difference
    Married - Single
    65 19.4 20.7 16.8 3.9 22.2 23.5 21.1 2.4
    70 15.7 16.7 13.6 3.1 18.1 19.2 17.3 1.9
    75 12.2 12.9 10.8 2.1 14.3 15.2 13.8 1.4
    80 9.0 9.6 8.2 1.4 10.7 11.4 10.5 0.9
    85 6.4 6.7 5.9 0.8 7.7 8.1 7.6 0.5
    90 4.3 4.6 4.1 0.5 5.3 5.4 5.2 0.2

    Table 23 and Chart 13 show the evolution of life expectancy at age 65 by sex and marital status for the period 2005 to 2019. Since 2005, for both sexes, the gap in life expectancies at age 65 between married and singles has remained relatively stable, but has increased slightly in recent years and more so for females than males. In 2005, the differentials between married and singles is 3.8 years for males and 2.1 for females. In 2019, the differentials by marital status are 3.9 years and 2.4 years for males and females, respectively.

    Table 23 Evolution of OAS Beneficiary Life Expectancies at Age 65 by Marital Status (2005-2019)Footnote *
    Year Males Females
    Overall OAS Married Single Difference
    Married - Single    		 Overall OAS Married Single Difference
    Married - Single
    2005 17.5 18.7 14.9 3.8 20.7 21.9 19.8 2.1
    2006 17.8 18.8 15.4 3.4 21.0 22.1 20.1 2.0
    2007 17.8 19.0 15.2 3.8 21.0 22.2 20.1 2.1
    2008 18.0 19.0 15.6 3.4 21.1 22.1 20.3 1.8
    2009 18.2 19.3 15.8 3.5 21.4 22.5 20.5 2.0
    2010 18.5 19.7 15.9 3.8 21.4 22.7 20.5 2.2
    2011 18.6 19.8 16.1 3.7 21.5 22.8 20.6 2.2
    2012 18.8 20.0 16.2 3.8 21.7 23.0 20.7 2.3
    2013 18.9 20.0 16.4 3.6 21.8 23.0 20.8 2.2
    2014 18.9 20.1 16.4 3.7 21.9 23.1 20.9 2.2
    2015 19.0 20.2 16.5 3.7 21.8 23.2 20.8 2.4
    2016 19.2 20.4 16.6 3.8 22.1 23.4 21.0 2.4
    2017 19.1 20.4 16.5 3.9 22.0 23.2 21.0 2.2
    2018 19.2 20.5 16.6 3.9 22.0 23.2 20.9 2.3
    2019 19.4 20.7 16.8 3.9 22.2 23.6 21.1 2.5

    Table 23 Footnote

    Footnote *

    Results for years prior to 2005 by marital status are not shown due to data limitation regarding marital status for those years.

    Return to table 23 footnote *

    Chart 13 - Evolution of OAS Beneficiary Life Expectancies at Age 65 by Marital Status (2005-2019)Footnote *

    Chart Description

    Two line charts. Chart 13(i) (left chart) showing the life expectancy at age 65 for males and females by marital status. The Y axis shows the life expectancy at age 65 and the X axis shows the age. Chart 13(ii) (right chart), where the Y axis shows the difference in life expectancy at age 65 between females and males by marital status and the X axis shows the year.       

    Chart 13(i)       

    For year 2005, the males’ life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries who were married was 18.7 years and 14.9 years for males OAS beneficiaries who were single. The females’ life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries who were married was 21.9 years and 19.8 years for females OAS beneficiaries who were single.       

    For year 2009, the males’ life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries who were married was 19.3 years and 15.8 years for males OAS beneficiaries who were single. The females’ life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries who were married was 22.5 years and 20.5 years for females OAS beneficiaries who were single.       

    For year 2014, the males’ life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries who were married was 20.1 years and 16.4 years for males OAS beneficiaries who were single. The females’ life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries who were married was 23.1 years and 20.9 years for females OAS beneficiaries who were single.       

    For year 2019, the males’ life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries who were married was 20.7 years and 16.8 years for males OAS beneficiaries who were single. The females’ life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries who were married was 23.6 years and 21.1 years for females OAS beneficiaries who were single.       

    Chart 13(ii)       

    For year 2005, the males’ difference in life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries who were married and those who were single was 3.8 years. The females’ difference in life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries who were married and those who were single was 2.1 years.       

    For year 2009, the males’ difference in life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries who were married and those who were single was 3.5 years. the females’ difference in life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries who were married and those who were single was 2.0 years.       

    For year 2014, the males’ difference in life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries who were married and those who were single was 3.7 years. the females’ difference in life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries who were married and those who were single was 2.2 years.       

    For year 2019, the males’ difference in life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries who were married and those who were single was 3.9 years. the females’ difference in life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries who were married and those who were single was 2.5 years.       

    Chart 13 Footnote

    Chart 13 Footnote *

    Results for years prior to 2005 by marital status are not shown due to data limitation regarding marital status for those years.

    Return to chart 13 footnote *

    5.3.2 Evolution of Life Expectancies by Marital Status and Type of Benefit

    Table 24 shows the life expectancies for both sexes by age, marital status, and type of benefit, for the year 2019. For a given marital status, life expectancies of beneficiaries without the GIS are higher than for beneficiaries receiving the benefit. For instance, for single males aged 65, those not in receipt of the GIS live on average 2.8 years longer than those who receive the benefit.

    For both sexes and for each benefit type, married beneficiaries live longer than single counterparts. For example, married males aged 65, without the GIS, are expected to live on average 21.1 years or 3.0 years longer than single males (18.1 years). In comparison, for the same benefit subgroup and age, married females are expected to live on average 24.0 years or 1.7 years longer than single females (22.3 years). Married males, aged 65, with the GIS, are expected to live on average 19.5 years or 4.2 years longer than single males (15.3 years). For the same benefit subgroup and age, married females are expected to live on average 22.2 years or 2.2 years longer than single females (20.0 years).

    For both sexes in general, single GIS beneficiaries have the lowest life expectancies relative to the other subgroups, while married beneficiaries without the GIS have the highest life expectancies.

    Table 24 Life Expectancies by Marital Status and Type of Benefit (2019)
    Age Males
    Overall OAS Married Married without GIS Married with GIS Difference
    Married
    without – with GIS    		 Overall OAS Single Single
    without GIS    		 Single
    with GIS    		 Difference
    Single
    without – with GIS
    65 20.7 21.1 19.5 1.6 16.8 18.1 15.3 2.8
    70 16.7 17.0 15.6 1.4 13.6 14.7 12.5 2.2
    75 12.9 13.2 12.2 1.0 10.8 11.4 10.0 1.4
    80 9.6 9.7 9.2 0.5 8.2 8.6 7.7 0.9
    85 6.7 6.8 6.6 0.2 5.9 6.1 5.7 0.4
    90 4.6 4.6 4.5 0.1 4.1 4.2 4.1 0.1
    Age Females
    Overall OAS Married Married without GIS Married with GIS Difference
    Married
    without – with GIS    		 Overall OAS Single Single without GIS Single
    with GIS    		 Difference
    Single
    without – with GIS
    65 23.5 24.0 22.2 1.8 21.1 22.3 20.0 2.3
    70 19.2 19.7 18.2 1.5 17.3 18.2 16.5 1.7
    75 15.2 15.6 14.3 1.3 13.8 14.4 13.2 1.2
    80 11.4 11.8 10.8 1.0 10.5 10.8 10.2 0.6
    85 8.1 8.3 7.8 0.5 7.6 7.8 7.4 0.4
    90 5.4 5.5 5.3 0.2 5.2 5.3 5.2 0.1

    Table 25 and Chart 14 show the evolution of life expectancies at age 65 for both sexes by marital status and type of benefit received for the period 2005 to 2019. Over 2005 to 2019, the life expectancy at age 65 for married males without the GIS increased from 19.2 years to 21.1 years (an increase of 1.9 years). In comparison, for married males with the GIS, life expectancies at age 65 increased from 17.3 to 19.5 years (or by 1.8 years) over the same period. As such, since the mid-2000s, the difference in life expectancies at age 65 for married males between those without and with the GIS has remained relatively stable at around 1.8 years.

    Life expectancies at 65 for married females increased from 22.6 to 24.1 years for those without the GIS, and from 20.4 to 22.1 years for those with the benefit over the period 2005 to 2019. For married females age 65, the difference in life expectancies by benefit type fluctuated somewhat more than males, but still remained relatively stable at around 2.0 years from the mid-2000s to 2019.

    In comparison, for both single males and females, the differences in life expectancies at age 65 between those without and with the GIS increased overall from the mid-2000s to 2019. For single males, from 2005 to 2019, life expectancy at age 65 for those without the GIS increased by 2.4 years, from 15.7 to 18.1 years. For those receiving the GIS, the increase was 1.4 years, from 13.9 to 15.3 years. As such, the difference in life expectancies at age 65 between single males without and with the GIS increased from 1.9 to 2.8 years over the period 2005 to 2019. Over the same period for single females, life expectancies at age 65 increased by 1.7 years, from 20.6 to 22.3 years for those without the GIS, and by 0.8 of a year, from 19.1 to 20.0 years for those receiving the benefit. Consequently, the difference in life expectancies at age 65 for single females without and with the GIS increased from 1.5 to 2.3 years over 2005 to 2019.

    Table 25 Evolution of Life Expectancies at Age 65 by Marital Status and Type of Benefit (2005‑2019)Footnote *
    Year Males
    Married without GIS Married with GIS Difference Single without GIS Single with GIS Difference
    2005 19.2 17.3 1.9 15.7 13.9 1.8
    2006 19.3 17.6 1.7 16.4 14.2 2.2
    2007 19.5 17.7 1.8 16.3 14.0 2.3
    2008 19.6 17.6 2.0 16.8 14.2 2.6
    2009 19.8 18.0 1.8 16.9 14.4 2.5
    2010 20.1 18.4 1.7 16.9 14.7 2.2
    2011 20.3 18.4 1.9 17.3 14.7 2.6
    2012 20.5 18.6 1.9 17.3 14.9 2.4
    2013 20.5 18.7 1.8 17.5 15.1 2.4
    2014 20.6 18.7 1.9 17.5 15.0 2.5
    2015 20.7 19.0 1.7 17.5 15.2 2.3
    2016 20.9 19.2 1.7 17.8 15.2 2.6
    2017 20.8 19.2 1.6 17.7 15.2 2.5
    2018 21.0 19.2 1.8 17.9 15.2 2.7
    2019 21.1 19.5 1.6 18.1 15.3 2.8
    Year Females
    Married without GIS Married with GIS Difference Single without GIS Single with GIS Difference
    2005 22.6 20.4 2.2 20.6 19.1 1.5
    2006 22.8 20.6 2.2 20.8 19.4 1.4
    2007 22.8 20.8 2.0 20.9 19.4 1.5
    2008 22.8 20.6 2.2 21.2 19.4 1.8
    2009 23.1 21.0 2.1 21.4 19.7 1.7
    2010 23.4 21.0 2.4 21.3 19.6 1.7
    2011 23.4 21.4 2.0 21.5 19.7 1.8
    2012 23.5 21.6 1.9 21.7 19.8 1.9
    2013 23.6 21.5 2.1 21.8 19.9 1.9
    2014 23.6 21.6 2.0 21.9 19.9 2.0
    2015 23.7 21.8 1.9 21.7 20.0 1.7
    2016 23.9 22.0 1.9 22.0 20.0 2.0
    2017 23.7 21.8 1.9 22.0 20.0 2.0
    2018 23.8 21.9 1.9 22.0 19.8 2.2
    2019 24.1 22.1 2.0 22.3 20.0 2.3

    Table 25 Footnote

    Footnote *

    Results for years prior to 2005 are not shown by marital status due to data limitation on marital status for those years.

    Return to table 25 footnote *

    Chart 14 - Life Expectancies at Age 65 by Marital Status and Type of Benefit (2005-2019)Footnote *

    Chart Description

    Four line charts. Chart 14(i) (top left chart) showing the life expectancy at age 65 for married males and females by type of benefit. The Y axis shows the life expectancy at age 65 and the X axis shows the age. Chart 14(ii) (top right chart), where the Y axis shows the difference in life expectancy at age 65 between married females and males by type of benefit and the X axis shows the year.       

    Chart 14(iii) (bottom left chart) showing the life expectancy at age 65 for single males and females by type of benefit. The Y axis shows the life expectancy at age 65 and the X axis shows the age. Chart 14(iv) (bottom right chart), where the Y axis shows the difference in life expectancy at age 65 between single females and males by type of benefit and the X axis shows the year.       

    Chart 14(i)       

    For year 2005, the males’ life expectancy at age 65 for married OAS beneficiaries without GIS was 19.2 years and 17.3 years for married OAS beneficiaries with GIS. The females’ life expectancy at age 65 for married OAS beneficiaries without GIS was 22.6 years and 20.4 years for married OAS beneficiaries with GIS.       

    For year 2009, the males’ life expectancy at age 65 for married OAS beneficiaries without GIS was 19.8 years and 18.0 years for married OAS beneficiaries with GIS. The females’ life expectancy at age 65 for married OAS beneficiaries without GIS was 23.1 years and 21.0 years for married OAS beneficiaries with GIS.       

    For year 2014, the males’ life expectancy at age 65 for married OAS beneficiaries without GIS was 20.6 years and 18.7 years for married OAS beneficiaries with GIS. The females’ life expectancy at age 65 for married OAS beneficiaries without GIS was 23.6 years and 21.6 years for married OAS beneficiaries with GIS.       

    For year 2019, the males’ life expectancy at age 65 for married OAS beneficiaries without GIS was 21.1 years and 19.5 years for married OAS beneficiaries with GIS. The females’ life expectancy at age 65 for married OAS beneficiaries without GIS was 24.1 years and 22.1 years for married OAS beneficiaries with GIS.       

    Chart 14(ii)       

    For year 2005, the males’ difference in life expectancy at age 65 for married OAS beneficiaries without GIS and those married OAS beneficiaries without GIS was 1.9 years. The females’ difference in life expectancy at age 65 for married OAS beneficiaries without GIS and those married OAS beneficiaries with GIS was 2.2 years.       

    For year 2009, the males’ difference in life expectancy at age 65 for married OAS beneficiaries without GIS and those married OAS beneficiaries without GIS was 1.8 years. The females’ difference in life expectancy at age 65 for married OAS beneficiaries without GIS and those married OAS beneficiaries with GIS was 2.1 years.       

    For year 2014, the males and females’ difference in life expectancy at age 65 for married OAS beneficiaries without GIS and those married OAS beneficiaries without GIS was 1.9 years.       

    For year 2019, the males’ difference in life expectancy at age 65 for married OAS beneficiaries without GIS and those married OAS beneficiaries without GIS was 1.6 years. The females’ difference in life expectancy at age 65 for married OAS beneficiaries without GIS and those married OAS beneficiaries with GIS was 2.0 years.       

    Chart 14(iii)       

    For year 2005, the males’ life expectancy at age 65 for single OAS beneficiaries without GIS was 15.7 years and 13.9 years for single OAS beneficiaries with GIS. The females’ life expectancy at age 65 for single OAS beneficiaries without GIS was 20.6 years and 19.1 years for single OAS beneficiaries with GIS.       

    For year 2009, the males’ life expectancy at age 65 for single OAS beneficiaries without GIS was 16.9 years and 14.4 years for single OAS beneficiaries with GIS. The females’ life expectancy at age 65 for single OAS beneficiaries without GIS was 21.4 years and 19.7 years for single OAS beneficiaries with GIS.       

    For year 2014, the males’ life expectancy at age 65 for single OAS beneficiaries without GIS was 17.5 years and 15.0 years for single OAS beneficiaries with GIS. The females’ life expectancy at age 65 for single OAS beneficiaries without GIS was 21.9 years and 19.9 years for single OAS beneficiaries with GIS.       

    For year 2019, the males’ life expectancy at age 65 for single OAS beneficiaries without GIS was 18.1 years and 15.3 years for single OAS beneficiaries with GIS. The females’ life expectancy at age 65 for single OAS beneficiaries without GIS was 22.3 years and 20.0 years for single OAS beneficiaries with GIS.       

    Chart 14(iv)       

    For year 2005, the males’ difference in life expectancy at age 65 for single OAS beneficiaries without GIS and those single OAS beneficiaries without GIS was 1.8 years. The females’ difference in life expectancy at age 65 for single OAS beneficiaries without GIS and those single OAS beneficiaries with GIS was 1.5 years.       

    For year 2009, the males’ difference in life expectancy at age 65 for single OAS beneficiaries without GIS and those single OAS beneficiaries without GIS was 2.5 years. The females’ difference in life expectancy at age 65 for single OAS beneficiaries without GIS and those single OAS beneficiaries with GIS was 1.7 years.       

    For year 2014, the males’ difference in life expectancy at age 65 for single OAS beneficiaries without GIS and those single OAS beneficiaries without GIS was 2.5 years. The females’ difference in life expectancy at age 65 for single OAS beneficiaries without GIS and those single OAS beneficiaries with GIS was 2.0 years.       

    For year 2019, the males’ difference in life expectancy at age 65 for single OAS beneficiaries without GIS and those single OAS beneficiaries without GIS was 2.8 years. The females’ difference in life expectancy at age 65 for single OAS beneficiaries without GIS and those single OAS beneficiaries with GIS was 2.3 years.       

    Chart 14 Footnote

    Chart 14 Footnote *

    Results for years prior to 2005 are not shown by marital status due to data limitation on marital status for those years.

    Return to footnote *

    6. OAS Beneficiary Mortality by Place of Birth

    6.1 Introduction

    This section presents the results of analysis on the mortality of OAS beneficiaries by whether they were born in Canada or born outside Canada. The results of this study are consistent with the previous OAS program mortality studies prepared by the OCA, which showed that OAS beneficiaries born outside Canada experience lower mortality than those born in Canada. This may be explained by the “healthy immigrant effect” (Vang et al., 2015) that results from several factors, including medical and employability screening prior to entry to Canada as well as cultural and lifestyle characteristics.

    First, people in poor health are less likely to migrate to another country. In addition, all potential immigrants to Canada are subject to medical screening. Moreover, immigrants to Canada are partially selected on the basis of employability, which would imply a certain status of health. As new immigrants tend to be healthy, they experience greater life expectancies than those who had immigrated years earlier. Lastly, cultural and lifestyle characteristics of immigrants may also contribute to their relative better health and increased longevities.

    6.2 OAS Beneficiary Mortality Experience by Place of Birth for Year 2019

    6.2.1 Beneficiaries by Place of Birth

    Table 26 shows the proportion of OAS beneficiaries by age group, sex, and place of birth. Overall, about 27% of beneficiaries were born outside Canada. As well, there are higher proportions of beneficiaries born outside Canada at the older age groups.

    Table 26 Beneficiaries by Place of Birth (as at December 31st 2019)
    Age Group Males Females
    Born in Canada Born Outside Canada Proportion Born Outside Canada Born in Canada Born Outside Canada Proportion Born Outside Canada
    65-69 744,480 164,428 18% 795,354 197,612 20%
    70-74 583,564 220,734 27% 636,389 241,546 28%
    75-79 378,599 162,494 30% 436,643 181,454 29%
    80-84 228,560 117,109 34% 296,837 141,261 32%
    85-89 132,444 71,296 35% 210,471 93,832 31%
    90-94 50,440 29,364 37% 110,389 51,578 32%
    95-99 10,628 6,587 38% 37,030 17,200 32%
    100+ 984 652 40% 5,931 2,280 28%
    Total 2,129,699 772,664 27% 2,529,044 926,763 27%

    Tables 65 to 71 in the Annex show various statistics related to the OAS program by individual age, sex, and place of birth.

    6.2.2 OAS Beneficiary Deaths by Place of Birth

    Table 27 shows that there is little variation between male and female beneficiaries in the proportions of deaths by age and place of birth, except at ages 95 and over. For age groups between 65 and 94, the proportion of deaths for those born outside Canada varies between 13% and 33% for males and between 14% and 30% for females. At ages 95 and above, the corresponding proportions vary between 35% and 36% for males, and between 26% and 29% for females.

    Table 27 OAS Beneficiary Deaths by Place of Birth (2019)
    Age Group Males Females
    Born in Canada Born Outside Canada Proportion Born Outside Canada Born in Canada Born Outside Canada Proportion Born Outside Canada
    65-69 11,421 1,766 13% 7,672 1,224 14%
    70-74 13,602 3,717 21% 9,857 2,450 20%
    75-79 14,249 4,391 24% 11,235 3,302 23%
    80-84 14,817 5,966 29% 13,813 4,787 26%
    85-89 15,443 6,847 31% 17,576 6,453 27%
    90-94 10,218 5,142 33% 17,020 7,200 30%
    95-99 3,497 1,981 36% 9,614 4,018 29%
    100+ 492 262 35% 2,462 876 26%
    Total 83,739 30,072 26% 89,249 30,310 25%

    6.2.3 OAS Beneficiary Exposures by Place of Birth

    Table 28 shows the proportion of exposures by age group, sex, and place of birth. For male beneficiaries, the increase by age in the proportion of exposures of those born outside Canada reflects the fact that males born outside Canada live longer than those born in Canada. For females, the corresponding proportion by age is much more stable than observed for males.

    Table 28 OAS Beneficiary Exposures by Place of Birth (2019)
    Age Group Males Females
    Born in Canada Born Outside Canada Proportion Born Outside of Canada Born in Canada Born Outside Canada Proportion Born Outside of Canada
    65-69 749,524 174,855 19% 790,941 207,064 21%
    70-74 570,445 223,569 28% 621,427 242,419 28%
    75-79 371,357 160,787 30% 429,138 180,181 30%
    80-84 225,652 116,757 34% 294,630 140,752 32%
    85-89 131,421 71,209 35% 210,323 93,824 31%
    90-94 49,617 29,128 37% 109,904 52,362 32%
    95-99 10,384 6,597 39% 36,655 16,998 32%
    100+ 943 666 41% 5,824 2,307 28%
    Total 2,109,343 783,567 27% 2,498,842 935,907 27%

    6.2.4 OAS Beneficiary Mortality by Place of Birth

    Table 29 and Chart 15 show that, for both sexes, mortality for those born in Canada is higher than the overall OAS program mortality (6% and 7% higher at age 65, respectively for males and females), while mortality is lower for those born outside Canada (35% and 34% lower at age 65, respectively for males and females). In both cases however, mortality approaches that of the overall OAS program as age increases.

    Table 29 OAS Beneficiary Graduated Mortality Rates and Ratios by Place of Birth (2019)
    Age Males Females
    Overall OAS
    (annual deaths per thousand)    		 Born in Canada
    (annual deaths per thousand)    		 Ratio Born in Canada
    to Overall    		 Born Outside Canada
    (annual deaths per thousand)    		 Ratio Born Outside Canada to Overall Overall OAS
    (annual deaths per thousand)    		 Born in Canada
    (annual deaths per thousand)    		 Ratio Born in Canada
    to Overall    		 Born Outside Canada
    (annual deaths per thousand)    		 Ratio Born Outside Canada to Overall
    65 12.0 12.7 1.06 7.8 0.65 7.2 7.8 1.07 4.8 0.66
    70 18.1 19.7 1.09 13.5 0.74 11.7 13.0 1.11 8.0 0.68
    75 28.4 31.1 1.10 21.7 0.77 19.0 21.0 1.10 14.2 0.75
    80 47.5 51.6 1.09 39.1 0.82 33.0 36.5 1.11 25.4 0.77
    85 83.6 89.7 1.07 72.2 0.86 59.8 63.9 1.07 50.7 0.85
    90 149.7 157.7 1.05 135.0 0.90 112.0 116.7 1.04 102.0 0.91
    95 245.0 255.4 1.04 230.7 0.94 195.4 200.8 1.03 183.1 0.94
    100 355.8 372.4 1.05 348.2 0.98 299.7 306.9 1.02 288.1 0.96

    Chart 15 - OAS Beneficiary Mortality Ratios by Place of Birth (2019)

    Chart Description

    Two line charts. Chart 15(i) (top chart) is for males and Chart 15(ii) (bottom chart) is for females. Both charts show OAS mortality ratios by place of birth for year 2019. The Y axis shows the mortality ratio by place of birth relative to the overall OAS program mortality and the X axis shows the age.       

    Chart 15(i)       

    At age 65, male mortality ratio for those OAS beneficiaries born in Canada was 1.06 and 0.65 for those born outside Canada.       

    At age 70, male mortality ratio for those OAS beneficiaries born in Canada was 1.09 and 0.74 for those born outside Canada.       

    At age 75, male mortality ratio for those OAS beneficiaries born in Canada was 1.10 and 0.77 for those born outside Canada.       

    At age 80, male mortality ratio for those OAS beneficiaries born in Canada was 1.09 and 0.82 for those born outside Canada.       

    At age 85, male mortality ratio for those OAS beneficiaries born in Canada was 1.07 and 0.86 for those born outside Canada.       

    At age 90, male mortality ratio for those OAS beneficiaries born in Canada was 1.05 and 0.90 for those born outside Canada.       

    At age 95, male mortality ratio for those OAS beneficiaries born in Canada was 1.04 and 0.94 for those born outside Canada.       

    At age 100, male mortality ratio for those OAS beneficiaries born in Canada was 1.05 and 0.98 for those born outside Canada.       

    Chart Description

    Chart 15(ii)       

    At age 65, female mortality ratio for those OAS beneficiaries born in Canada was 1.07 and 0.66 for those born outside Canada.       

    At age 70, female mortality ratio for those OAS beneficiaries born in Canada was 1.11 and 0.68 for those born outside Canada.       

    At age 75, female mortality ratio for those OAS beneficiaries born in Canada was 1.10 and 0.75 for those born outside Canada.       

    At age 80, female mortality ratio for those OAS beneficiaries born in Canada was 1.11 and 0.77 for those born outside Canada.       

    At age 85, female mortality ratio for those OAS beneficiaries born in Canada was 1.07 and 0.85 for those born outside Canada.       

    At age 90, female mortality ratio for those OAS beneficiaries born in Canada was 1.04 and 0.91 for those born outside Canada.       

    At age 95, female mortality ratio for those OAS beneficiaries born in Canada was 1.03 and 0.94 for those born outside Canada.       

    At age 100, female mortality ratio for those OAS beneficiaries born in Canada was 1.02 and 0.96 for those born outside Canada.       

    6.3 OAS Beneficiary Life Expectancies by Place of Birth

    Table 30 shows life expectancies of OAS program beneficiaries by place of birth. For male beneficiaries, life expectancies at age 65 are 21.0 years for those born outside Canada and 18.8 years for those born in Canada, for a difference of 2.2 years. For female beneficiaries, life expectancies at age 65 are 23.8 years for those born outside Canada and 21.6 years for those born in Canada, a difference also of 2.2 years. For both sexes, the difference in life expectancies by place of birth reduces as age increases.

    Table 30 OAS Beneficiary Life Expectancies by Place of Birth (2019)
    Age Males Females
    Overall OAS Born Outside Canada Born In Canada Difference
    Born
    Outside – In Canada    		 Overall OAS Born Outside Canada Born In Canada Difference
    Born
    Outside – In
    Canada
    65 19.4 21.0 18.8 2.2 22.2 23.8 21.6 2.2
    70 15.7 16.9 15.1 1.8 18.1 19.4 17.6 1.8
    75 12.2 13.2 11.7 1.5 14.3 15.3 13.8 1.5
    80 9.0 9.7 8.7 1.0 10.7 11.5 10.4 1.1
    85 6.4 6.8 6.1 0.7 7.7 8.2 7.5 0.7
    90 4.3 4.6 4.2 0.4 5.3 5.5 5.1 0.4

    Table 31 and Chart 16 show that, for both sexes over the period 1999 to 2019, the gap between the life expectancies at age 65 of OAS beneficiaries born outside Canada and those born in Canada has increased. In 1999, the differential by place of birth was 1.5 years for males and 0.9 of a year for females. By 2019, the differential by place of birth for males was 2.3 years and 2.2 years for females.

    Table 31 Evolution of OAS Beneficiary Life Expectancies at Age 65 by Place of Birth (1999-2019)
    Year Males Females
    Born Outside Canada Born In Canada Difference Born Outside – In Canada Born Outside Canada Born In Canada Difference Born Outside – In Canada
    1999 17.2 15.7 1.5 20.6 19.7 0.9
    2000 17.7 16.1 1.6 20.8 19.9 0.9
    2001 17.8 16.3 1.5 21.2 19.9 1.3
    2002 18.1 16.4 1.7 21.2 20.0 1.2
    2003 18.1 16.6 1.5 21.4 20.1 1.3
    2004 18.6 16.9 1.7 21.7 20.3 1.4
    2005 18.6 17.0 1.6 21.7 20.3 1.4
    2006 19.0 17.3 1.7 22.0 20.6 1.4
    2007 19.0 17.3 1.7 22.1 20.6 1.5
    2008 19.2 17.5 1.7 22.1 20.7 1.4
    2009 19.5 17.7 1.8 22.5 20.9 1.6
    2010 19.7 18.0 1.7 22.5 21.0 1.5
    2011 19.9 18.1 1.8 22.7 21.1 1.6
    2012 20.1 18.3 1.8 23.0 21.2 1.8
    2013 20.2 18.4 1.8 23.1 21.3 1.8
    2014 20.3 18.4 1.9 23.2 21.3 1.9
    2015 20.4 18.4 2.0 23.3 21.3 2.0
    2016 20.6 18.5 2.1 23.4 21.5 1.9
    2017 20.4 18.5 1.9 23.4 21.4 2.0
    2018 20.6 18.4 2.2 23.4 21.3 2.1
    2019 20.8 18.4 2.4 23.6 21.4 2.2

    Chart 16 - Evolution of OAS Beneficiary Life Expectancies at Age 65 by Place of Birth (1999-2019)

    Chart Description

    Two line charts. Chart 16(i) (left chart) showing the life expectancy at age 65 by place of birth for males and females. The Y axis for Chart 16(i) shows the life expectancy at age 65 and the X axis shows the year.       

    Chart 16(ii) (right chart) showing the difference in life expectancy at age 65 between females and males by place of birth. The Y axis for Chart 16(ii) shows the difference in years and the X axis shows the year.       

    Chart 16(i)       

    For year 1999, the males’ life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries who were born outside of Canada was 17.2 years and 15.7 years for males OAS beneficiaries who were born in Canada. The females’ life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries who were born outside of Canada was 20.6 years and 19.7 years for males OAS beneficiaries who were born in Canada.       

    For year 2004, the males’ life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries who were born outside of Canada was 18.6 years and 16.9 years for males OAS beneficiaries who were born in Canada. The females’ life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries who were born outside of Canada was 21.7 years and 20.3 years for males OAS beneficiaries who were born in Canada.       

    For year 2009, the males’ life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries who were born outside of Canada was 19.5 years and 17.7 years for males OAS beneficiaries who were born in Canada. The females’ life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries who were born outside of Canada was 22.5 years and 20.9 years for males OAS beneficiaries who were born in Canada.       

    For year 2014, the males’ life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries who were born outside of Canada was 20.3 years and 18.4 years for males OAS beneficiaries who were born in Canada. The females’ life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries who were born outside of Canada was 23.2 years and 21.3 years for males OAS beneficiaries who were born in Canada.       

    For year 2019, the males’ life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries who were born outside of Canada was 20.8 years and 18.4 years for males OAS beneficiaries who were born in Canada. The females’ life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries who were born outside of Canada was 23.6 years and 21.4 years for males OAS beneficiaries who were born in Canada.       

    Chart 16(ii)       

    For year 1999, the males’ difference in life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries born outside Canada and those OAS beneficiaries born in Canada was 1.5 years. The females’ difference in life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries born outside Canada and those OAS beneficiaries born in Canada was 0.9 years.       

    For year 2004, the males’ difference in life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries born outside Canada and those OAS beneficiaries born in Canada was 1.7 years. The females’ difference in life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries born outside Canada and those OAS beneficiaries born in Canada was 1.4 years.       

    For year 2009, the males’ difference in life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries born outside Canada and those OAS beneficiaries born in Canada was 1.8 years. The females’ difference in life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries born outside Canada and those OAS beneficiaries born in Canada was 1.6 years.       

    For year 2014, for males and females the difference in life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries born outside Canada and those OAS beneficiaries born in Canada was 1.9 years.       

    For year 2019, the males’ difference in life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries born outside Canada and those OAS beneficiaries born in Canada was 2.4 years. The females’ difference in life expectancy at age 65 for OAS beneficiaries born outside Canada and those OAS beneficiaries born in Canada was 2.2 years.       

    7. OAS Beneficiary Mortality Improvement Rates

    Historical average annual mortality improvement rates measure the pace of change in mortality over time. The improvement in mortality indicates that mortality rates have decreased over time, which in turn has led to increased longevity. Mortality improvement rates may be used to formulate assumptions about how mortality and consequently life expectancies may evolve in the future.

    7.1 Evolution of OAS Beneficiary Mortality Improvement Rates

    Table 32 and Chart 17 compare OAS beneficiary mortality improvement rates experienced over the years 2000 to 2014 to those experienced over the more recent years from 2015 to 2019

    The average annual mortality improvement rate for males in the age group 65 to 74 over the years 2000 to 2014 is 2.7%, and this compares to a lower level of 1.0% over the more recent years 2015 to 2019. In comparison, for the same age group, the average annual mortality improvement rate for females is 1.9% over the years 2000 to 2014, which compares to a lower level of 1.0% over the more recent years 2015 to 2019.

    For the age group 75 to 89, the average annual mortality improvement rates experienced over the years 2000 to 2014 are 2.4% for males and 1.7% for females. These rates are higher than the experience over the more recent years 2015 to 2019 (1.3% and 0.9% for males and females, respectively).

    For both male and female beneficiaries, the average annual mortality improvement rates over the period 2015 to 2019 are lower than the rates over the period 2000 to 2014.

    Overall, the average annual mortality improvement rates over the period 2015 to 2019 are 1.0% and 0.7% males and females, respectively

    Table 32 OAS Beneficiary Average Annual Mortality Improvement Rates
    Age Group 2000-2014(Footnote *, Footnote **) 2015-2019(Footnote *, Footnote **) 2000-2019(Footnote *, Footnote **)
    Males Females Males Females Males Females
    65-69 2.6% 1.9% 0.6% 0.4% 2.0% 1.6%
    70-74 2.8% 1.8% 1.3% 1.3% 2.4% 1.6%
    75-79 2.8% 2.0% 1.4% 0.8% 2.5% 1.7%
    80-84 2.4% 1.7% 1.5% 1.1% 2.2% 1.6%
    85-89 1.8% 1.6% 1.0% 1.0% 1.6% 1.5%
    90-94 1.1% 1.1% 0.5% 0.1% 1.0% 1.0%
    95-99 0.8% 0.7% -0.5% 0.2% 0.6% 0.7%
    100+ 0.3% 0.6% -0.9% 0.2% 0.4% 0.4%
    Total 2.2% 1.5% 1.0% 0.7% 2.0% 1.3%
    65-74 2.7% 1.9% 1.0% 1.0% 2.3% 1.6%
    75-89 2.4% 1.7% 1.3% 0.9% 2.1% 1.6%

    Table 32 Footnotes

    Footnote *

    Improvement rates obtained using the corresponding 2019 exposures and populations as weights.

    Return to footnote *

    Footnote **

    The results shown here are consistent with the ones presented in the OCA OAS Mortality fact sheet 2020.

    Return to footnote **

    Chart 17 - OAS Beneficiary Mortality Improvement Rates - Males

    Chart Description

    Two vertical bar charts showing the mortality improvement rates over the period 2000-2014 and over the period 2015-2019. Chart 17(i) (top chart) are male mortality improvement rates and Chart 17(ii) (bottom chart) for female mortality improvement rates. The Y axis shows the average level of the mortality improvement rates over the respective periods and the X axis shows by age-group.       

    Chart 17(i)       

    For age-group 65-69, the male mortality improvement rates over the period 2000-2014 was 2.6% and 0.6% over the period from 2015-2019.       

    For age-group 70-74, the male mortality improvement rates over the period 2000-2014 was 2.8% and 1.3% over the period from 2015-2019.       

    For age-group 75-79, the male mortality improvement rates over the period 2000-2014 was 2.8% and 1.4% over the period from 2015-2019.       

    For age-group 80-84, the male mortality improvement rates over the period 2000-2014 was 2.4% and 1.5% over the period from 2015-2019.       

    For age-group 85-89, the male mortality improvement rates over the period 2000-2014 was 1.8% and 1.0% over the period from 2015-2019.       

    For age-group 90-94, the male mortality improvement rates over the period 2000-2014 was 1.1% and 0.5% over the period from 2015-2019.       

    For age-group 95-99, the male mortality improvement rates over the period 2000-2014 was 0.8% and -0.5% over the period from 2015-2019.       

    Chart Description

    Chart 17(ii)       

    For age-group 65-69, the female mortality improvement rates over the period 2000-2014 was 1.9% and 0.4% over the period from 2015-2019.       

    For age-group 70-74, the female mortality improvement rates over the period 2000-2014 was 1.8% and 1.3% over the period from 2015-2019.       

    For age-group 75-79, the female mortality improvement rates over the period 2000-2014 was 2.0% and 0.8% over the period from 2015-2019.       

    For age-group 80-84, the female mortality improvement rates over the period 2000-2014 was 1.7% and 1.1% over the period from 2015-2019.       

    For age-group 85-89, the female mortality improvement rates over the period 2000-2014 was 1.6% and 1.0% over the period from 2015-2019.       

    For age-group 90-94, the female mortality improvement rates over the period 2000-2014 was 1.1% and 0.1% over the period from 2015-2019.       

    For age-group 95-99, the female mortality improvement rates over the period 2000-2014 was 0.7% and 0.2% over the period from 2015-2019.       

    7.1.1 Comparison of OAS Beneficiary and Population Mortality Improvements

    Table 33 compares the OAS beneficiary average annual mortality improvement rates with those of the population of Canada. For the years 2000 to 2019, mortality improvement rates of OAS beneficiaries for both sexes and most age groups are similar to those observed for the general population.

    Over the period 2015 to 2019, the overall mortality improvement rate for male beneficiaries is 1.0%, which is similar to that for the general population. The corresponding mortality improvement rates for female beneficiaries and the population are 0.7% and 0.6%, respectively.

    Table 33 OAS Beneficiary and Population Average Annual Mortality Improvement RatesFootnote *
    Age Group Males Females
    2000-2014 2015-2019 2000-2014 2015-2019
    OAS PopulationFootnote * OAS PopulationFootnote * OAS PopulationFootnote * OAS PopulationFootnote *
    65-69 2.6% 2.6% 0.6% 1.1% 1.9% 1.3% 0.4% 1.1%
    70-74 2.8% 2.7% 1.3% 1.1% 1.8% 0.9% 1.3% 0.9%
    75-79 2.8% 2.6% 1.4% 1.0% 2.0% 0.5% 0.8% 0.8%
    80-84 2.4% 2.6% 1.5% 1.0% 1.7% 1.1% 1.1% 0.6%
    85-89 1.8% 2.2% 1.0% 0.9% 1.6% 1.7% 1.0% 0.5%
    90-94 1.1% 1.4% 0.5% 0.8% 1.1% 1.6% 0.1% 0.4%
    95-99 0.8% 0.7% -0.5% 0.8% 0.7% 0.4% 0.2% 0.8%
    100+ 0.3% 0.3% -0.9% 0.7% 0.6% 0.0% 0.2% 0.8%
    Total 2.2% 2.4% 1.0% 1.0% 1.5% 1.2% 0.7% 0.6%
    65-74 2.7% 2.7% 1.0% 1.1% 1.9% 1.1% 1.0% 1.0%
    75-89 2.4% 2.5% 1.3% 1.0% 1.7% 1.2% 0.9% 0.6%

    Table 33 Footnote

    Footnote *

    Population mortality improvement rates are based on Statistics Canada’s 2019 CLT data using the 2019 population as weights. OCA calculations.

    Return to table 33 footnote *

    7.1.2 Mortality Improvement Rates by Type of Benefit

    Table 34, Table 35 and Chart 18 show mortality improvement rates for two periods, 2000 to 2014 and 2015 to 2019 by age group, sex, and type of benefit received. For both sexes, mortality improvements for GIS beneficiaries have generally been lower than for OAS beneficiaries not receiving the GIS. For example, over the years 2015 to 2019, for ages 65 to 74, GIS beneficiaries experienced average annual mortality improvement rates of 0.6% for males and 0.2% for females, which compare to average annual improvement rates of 1.5% for males and females not receiving the GIS.

    Comparing two periods 2000 to 2014 and 2015 to 2019, mortality improvement rates are generally lower in 2015 to 2019 by age group, sex and type of benefits received. For example, over the years 2015 to 2019, for ages 65 to 74, GIS beneficiaries experienced average annual mortality improvement rates of 0.6% for males and 0.2% for females, which compare to average annual improvement rates of 2.0% for males and 1.4% for females not receiving the GIS during years 2000-2014.

    Table 34 Average Annual Mortality Improvement Rates by Type of Benefit (2000-2014)
    Age Group Males Females
    Overall OAS without GIS with GIS Difference Overall OAS without GIS with GIS Difference
    65-69 2.6% 2.8% 1.7% 1.1% 1.9% 2.1% 1.2% 0.9%
    70-74 2.8% 3.3% 2.2% 1.1% 1.8% 2.0% 1.5% 0.5%
    75-79 2.8% 3.1% 2.5% 0.6% 2.0% 2.1% 1.8% 0.3%
    80-84 2.4% 2.5% 2.3% 0.2% 1.7% 1.8% 1.5% 0.3%
    85-89 1.8% 1.8% 1.7% 0.1% 1.6% 1.7% 1.4% 0.3%
    90-94 1.1% 0.8% 1.2% -0.4% 1.1% 1.3% 1.0% 0.3%
    95-99 0.8% 0.5% 1.1% -0.6% 0.7% 0.9% 0.7% 0.2%
    Total 2.2% 2.4% 2.0% 0.4% 1.5% 1.7% 1.3% 0.4%
    65-74 2.7% 3.1% 2.0% 1.1% 1.9% 2.0% 1.4% 0.6%
    75-89 2.4% 2.5% 2.2% 0.3% 1.7% 1.9% 1.5% 0.4%
    Table 35 Average Annual Mortality Improvement Rates by Type of Benefit (2015-2019)
    Age Group Males Females
    Overall OAS without GIS with GIS Difference Overall OAS without GIS with GIS Difference
    65-69 0.6% 1.2% 0.1% 1.1% 0.4% 1.1% -0.5% 1.6%
    70-74 1.3% 1.7% 0.9% 0.8% 1.3% 1.8% 0.6% 1.2%
    75-79 1.4% 1.7% 0.8% 0.9% 0.8% 1.4% 0.0% 1.4%
    80-84 1.5% 1.8% 1.2% 0.6% 1.1% 1.2% 1.0% 0.2%
    85-89 1.0% 0.9% 1.4% -0.5% 1.0% 1.4% 0.6% 0.8%
    90-94 0.5% 0.7% 0.3% 0.4% 0.1% 0.0% 0.2% -0.2%
    95-99 -0.5% -0.2% -0.9% 0.7% 0.2% 0.8% -0.2% 1.0%
    Total 1.0% 1.3% 0.8% 0.5% 0.7% 1.1% 0.3% 0.8%
    65-74 1.0% 1.5% 0.6% 0.9% 1.0% 1.5% 0.2% 1.3%
    75-89 1.3% 1.5% 1.1% 0.4% 0.9% 1.3% 0.6% 0.7%

    As mortality improvement rates have been lower for those receiving the GIS, the gap in life expectancies at age 65 between those with and without GIS has increased over the years 2000 to 2019 (as shown earlier in Table 16).

    Chart 18 - OAS Mortality Improvement Rates by Type of Benefit

    Chart Description

    Four vertical bar charts showing the average mortality improvement rates by type of benefit over the periods 2000-2014 and 2015-2019 for males and then for females.       

    Chart 18 (i) (top left chart) are males mortality improvement rates over the period 2000-2014.       

    Chart 18 (ii) (top right chart) are males mortality improvement rates over the period 2015-2019.       

    Chart 18 (iii) (bottom left chart) are females mortality improvement rates over the period 2000-2014.       

    Chart 18 (iv) (bottom right chart) are females mortality improvement rates over the period 2015-2019.       

    The Y axis shows the average level of the mortality improvement rates and the X axis shows by age-group.       

    Chart 18 (i)       

    For age-group 65-69, the male mortality improvement rates over the period 2000-2014 was 2.6% for OAS beneficiaries, 2.8% for OAS beneficiaries without GIS and 1.7% for OAS beneficiaries with GIS.       

    For age-group 70-74, the male mortality improvement rates over the period 2000-2014 was 2.8% for OAS beneficiaries, 3.3% for OAS beneficiaries without GIS and 2.3% for OAS beneficiaries with GIS.       

    For age-group 75-79, the male mortality improvement rates over the period 2000-2014 was 2.8% for OAS beneficiaries, 3.1% for OAS beneficiaries without GIS and 2.5% for OAS beneficiaries with GIS.       

    For age-group 80-84, the male mortality improvement rates over the period 2000-2014 was 2.4% for OAS beneficiaries, 2.5% for OAS beneficiaries without GIS and 2.3% for OAS beneficiaries with GIS.       

    For age-group 85-89, the male mortality improvement rates over the period 2000-2014 was 1.8% for OAS beneficiaries, 1.8% for OAS beneficiaries without GIS and 1.7% for OAS beneficiaries with GIS.       

    For age-group 90-94, the male mortality improvement rates over the period 2000-2014 was 1.1% for OAS beneficiaries, 0.9% for OAS beneficiaries without GIS and 1.3% for OAS beneficiaries with GIS.       

    For age-group 95-99, the male mortality improvement rates over the period 2000-2014 was 0.8% for OAS beneficiaries, 0.5% for OAS beneficiaries without GIS and 1.1% for OAS beneficiaries with GIS.       

    Chart 18 (ii)       

    For age-group 65-69, the male mortality improvement rates over the period 2015-2019 was 0.6% for OAS beneficiaries, 1.3% for OAS beneficiaries without GIS and 0.1% for OAS beneficiaries with GIS.       

    For age-group 70-74, the male mortality improvement rates over the period 2015-2019 was 1.3% for OAS beneficiaries, 1.7% for OAS beneficiaries without GIS and 0.9% for OAS beneficiaries with GIS.       

    For age-group 75-79, the male mortality improvement rates over the period 2015-2019 was 1.4% for OAS beneficiaries, 1.7% for OAS beneficiaries without GIS and 0.8% for OAS beneficiaries with GIS.       

    For age-group 80-84, the male mortality improvement rates over the period 2015-2019 was 1.5% for OAS beneficiaries, 1.8% for OAS beneficiaries without GIS and 1.2% for OAS beneficiaries with GIS.       

    For age-group 85-89, the male mortality improvement rates over the period 2015-2019 was 1.0% for OAS beneficiaries, 0.9% for OAS beneficiaries without GIS and 1.4% for OAS beneficiaries with GIS.       

    For age-group 90-94, the male mortality improvement rates over the period 2015-2019 was 0.5% for OAS beneficiaries, 0.6% for OAS beneficiaries without GIS and 0.4% for OAS beneficiaries with GIS.       

    For age-group 95-99, the male mortality improvement rates over the period 2015-2019 was -0.5% for OAS beneficiaries, -0.2% for OAS beneficiaries without GIS and -0.9% for OAS beneficiaries with GIS.       

    Chart Description

    Chart 18 (iii)       

    For age-group 65-69, the female mortality improvement rates over the period 2000-2014 was 1.9% for OAS beneficiaries, 2.0% for OAS beneficiaries without GIS and 1.2% for OAS beneficiaries with GIS.       

    For age-group 70-74, the female mortality improvement rates over the period 2000-2014 was 1.8% for OAS beneficiaries, 2.0% for OAS beneficiaries without GIS and 1.5% for OAS beneficiaries with GIS.       

    For age-group 75-79, the female mortality improvement rates over the period 2000-2014 was 2.0% for OAS beneficiaries, 2.1% for OAS beneficiaries without GIS and 1.8% for OAS beneficiaries with GIS.       

    For age-group 80-84, the female mortality improvement rates over the period 2000-2014 was 1.7% for OAS beneficiaries, 1.8% for OAS beneficiaries without GIS and 1.5% for OAS beneficiaries with GIS.       

    For age-group 85-89, the female mortality improvement rates over the period 2000-2014 was 1.6% for OAS beneficiaries, 1.7% for OAS beneficiaries without GIS and 1.4% for OAS beneficiaries with GIS.       

    For age-group 90-94, the female mortality improvement rates over the period 2000-2014 was 1.1% for OAS beneficiaries, 1.2% for OAS beneficiaries without GIS and 1.0% for OAS beneficiaries with GIS.       

    For age-group 95-99, the female mortality improvement rates over the period 2000-2014 was 0.7% for OAS beneficiaries, 0.8% for OAS beneficiaries without GIS and 0.6% for OAS beneficiaries with GIS.       

    Chart 18 (iv)       

    For age-group 65-69, the female mortality improvement rates over the period 2015-2019 was 0.4% for OAS beneficiaries, 1.1% for OAS beneficiaries without GIS and -0.5% for OAS beneficiaries with GIS.       

    For age-group 70-74, the female mortality improvement rates over the period 2015-2019 was 1.3% for OAS beneficiaries, 1.8% for OAS beneficiaries without GIS and 0.7% for OAS beneficiaries with GIS.       

    For age-group 75-79, the female mortality improvement rates over the period 2015-2019 was 0.8% for OAS beneficiaries, 1.4% for OAS beneficiaries without GIS and 0.0% for OAS beneficiaries with GIS.       

    For age-group 80-84, the female mortality improvement rates over the period 2015-2019 was 1.1% for OAS beneficiaries, 1.3% for OAS beneficiaries without GIS and 1.0% for OAS beneficiaries with GIS.       

    For age-group 85-89, the female mortality improvement rates over the period 2015-2019 was 1.0% for OAS beneficiaries, 1.4% for OAS beneficiaries without GIS and 0.6% for OAS beneficiaries with GIS.       

    For age-group 90-94, the female mortality improvement rates over the period 2015-2019 was 0.1% for OAS beneficiaries, 0.0% for OAS beneficiaries without GIS and 0.2% for OAS beneficiaries with GIS.       

    For age-group 95-99, the female mortality improvement rates over the period 2015-2019 was 0.2% for OAS beneficiaries, 0.8% for OAS beneficiaries without GIS and -0.2% for OAS beneficiaries with GIS.        

    8. Conclusion

    In general, this study confirms the results that were obtained by the previous OAS program mortality studies. The analysis by type of benefit received shows that beneficiaries who do not receive the GIS experience lower mortality compared to those who receive the GIS. The analysis by marital status shows that beneficiaries who are married experience lower mortality than single beneficiaries. The analysis by place of birth shows that beneficiaries who were born outside Canada experience lower mortality than those born in Canada.

    The study also reveals that mortality improvement rates over the recent years from 2015 to 2019 have been generally lower than improvement rates experienced over the previous 15 year period from 2000 to 2014.

    Appendix A ― Annex ― Detailed Tables by Year, Age and Sex

    Table 36 OAS Beneficiaries by Age and Sex (as at December 31st)
    Age Males Females
    1999 2009 2019 1999 2009 2019
    65 103,063 139,772 185,891 110,688 148,816 202,126
    66 105,010 141,398 187,281 111,178 149,533 205,253
    67 106,802 133,824 183,329 114,134 141,464 200,194
    68 103,979 123,116 177,652 113,601 131,935 194,361
    69 103,007 117,006 174,755 113,287 126,896 191,032
    70 94,657 110,284 174,162 107,661 120,507 189,626
    71 92,102 106,344 170,408 106,877 116,798 185,624
    72 87,359 98,781 173,352 104,404 110,658 188,439
    73 83,423 95,946 155,009 102,978 107,789 169,686
    74 78,754 91,563 131,367 101,568 105,076 144,560
    75 73,673 86,947 125,625 98,657 101,677 139,611
    76 68,316 83,329 119,255 94,419 98,154 133,865
    77 64,497 81,722 109,090 92,112 98,432 124,101
    78 59,860 76,692 97,305 87,879 95,802 113,268
    79 55,120 73,417 89,818 83,824 93,320 107,252
    80 42,631 64,504 81,958 67,444 86,145 99,576
    81 38,781 60,063 75,858 64,237 82,818 93,890
    82 34,344 53,963 67,906 58,534 78,562 86,627
    83 30,857 48,486 63,155 54,740 74,125 81,631
    84 27,914 43,049 56,792 51,661 69,934 76,374
    85 24,741 37,291 50,722 47,762 64,727 70,696
    86 20,254 31,927 45,537 41,485 58,731 65,078
    87 17,027 27,625 41,177 36,148 53,610 61,584
    88 13,093 23,423 35,672 30,011 47,260 56,137
    89 10,642 19,096 30,632 25,979 41,737 50,808
    90 8,389 12,995 24,073 21,475 30,676 43,072
    91 6,663 10,228 19,652 17,948 26,285 37,586
    92 5,025 7,912 15,442 14,290 21,068 32,368
    93 3,560 5,976 11,771 11,108 17,301 26,789
    94 2,516 4,587 8,866 8,636 14,304 22,152
    95 1,828 3,349 6,400 6,375 11,177 17,762
    96 1,322 2,361 4,422 4,882 8,085 13,529
    97 845 1,494 3,103 3,518 5,933 10,388
    98 562 911 2,000 2,409 4,014 7,330
    99 364 585 1290 1,695 2,734 5,221
    100 231 350 694 1,101 1,803 3,085
    101 116 205 409 721 1175 2,037
    102 84 134 225 427 665 1211
    103 48 60 129 278 384 775
    104 26 39 83 136 230 509
    105+ 18 28 96 176 305 594
    Total 1,571,503 2,020,782 2,902,363 2,116,443 2,550,645 3,455,807
    Table 37 OAS Beneficiaries Deaths by Age and Sex (1999, 2009 and 2019)
    Age Males Females
    1999 2009 2019 1999 2009 2019
    65 1,791 1,827 2,288 1,029 1,164 1,453
    66 2,147 2,070 2,543 1,347 1,341 1,719
    67 2,285 2,132 2,608 1,416 1,368 1,764
    68 2,519 2,282 2,770 1,475 1,440 1,882
    69 2,799 2,291 2,978 1,632 1,438 2,078
    70 2,876 2,333 3,227 1,732 1,615 2,181
    71 3,033 2,320 3,425 1,910 1,670 2,423
    72 3,040 2,491 3,706 2,018 1,825 2,722
    73 3,284 2,734 3,487 2,365 1,889 2,471
    74 3,452 2,823 3,474 2,479 2,115 2,510
    75 3,597 3,008 3,472 2,651 2,196 2,657
    76 3,638 3,295 3,746 2,791 2,395 2,762
    77 3,777 3,560 3,756 3,050 2,700 2,844
    78 3,830 3,694 3,797 3,284 2,920 3,124
    79 3,704 3,812 3,869 3,460 3,088 3,150
    80 3,343 3,822 3,989 3,284 3,369 3,283
    81 3,484 4,019 4,036 3,228 3,660 3,454
    82 3,252 3,887 4,146 3,417 3,835 3,696
    83 3,317 4,015 4,329 3,635 4,026 3,950
    84 3,424 3,971 4,283 3,996 4,389 4,217
    85 3,242 3,837 4,396 4,086 4,507 4,264
    86 2,943 3,732 4,584 3,908 4,632 4,661
    87 2,636 3,552 4,474 3,687 4,747 4,818
    88 2,316 3,237 4,614 3,654 4,700 5,112
    89 2,055 2,887 4,222 3,481 4,640 5,174
    90 1,765 2,267 3,843 3,158 3,952 5,229
    91 1,450 2,143 3,581 2,983 3,700 5,129
    92 1,226 1,722 3,027 2,625 3,569 4,952
    93 910 1,519 2,725 2325 3,093 4,602
    94 790 1,184 2,184 1942 2,865 4,308
    95 564 898 1,774 1670 2501 3,763
    96 463 728 1401 1298 2026 3251
    97 313 483 1052 1043 1613 2787
    98 218 330 743 777 1248 2163
    99 156 279 508 569 859 1668
    100 80 144 262 421 655 1142
    101 71 107 211 318 427 719
    102 24 52 111 194 287 533
    103 13 36 72 122 176 370
    104 12 19 46 89 112 242
    105+ 17 24 52 112 157 332
    Total 83,856 89,566 113,811 88,661 98,909 119,559
    Table 38 OAS Beneficiaries Exposures by Age and Sex (1999, 2009 and 2019)
    Age Males Females
    1999 2009 2019 1999 2009 2019
    65 102,373 139,907 192,186 107,807 146,855 205,066
    66 107,365 140,631 192,060 113,765 147,789 206,882
    67 107,113 130,173 183,961 114,445 137,657 199,345
    68 104,679 122,717 179,467 113,966 131,627 195,099
    69 100,831 114,681 176,705 111,759 124,148 191,613
    70 94,777 110,072 174,830 107,989 119,858 189,547
    71 91,805 104,392 173,182 106,953 115,015 187,440
    72 86,701 98,167 170,925 104,366 109,716 185,460
    73 83,021 95,567 144,360 103,616 107,772 157,836
    74 78,097 90,875 130,717 101,386 104,590 143,562
    75 72,994 86,642 125,045 98,014 100,689 138,907
    76 68,016 84,367 117,193 94,414 99,829 131,548
    77 64,579 81,238 105,482 92,406 98,388 120,491
    78 58,550 76,837 96,572 86,256 96,123 113,295
    79 52,679 71,406 87,851 80,507 91,770 105,079
    80 41,675 64,278 81,533 66,755 86,163 98,951
    81 38,095 59,494 74,482 62,613 82,983 92,744
    82 34,140 53,064 67,540 58,599 78,147 85,894
    83 30,930 48,019 62,668 55,008 74,397 81,742
    84 28,168 42,291 56,186 52,046 69,608 76,050
    85 24,140 36,726 50,545 46,817 64,157 70,142
    86 20,058 31,619 45,942 40,804 58,511 66,132
    87 16,203 27,404 40,812 35,007 53,389 61,555
    88 12,956 22,623 35,588 29,703 46,367 56,416
    89 10,513 18,040 29,744 25,447 39,955 49,902
    90 8,237 12,534 23,769 21,218 30,041 43,122
    91 6,551 10,058 19,508 17,596 25,395 37,934
    92 4,786 7,738 15,118 13,957 21,037 32,122
    93 3,434 5,929 11,631 10,988 17,196 26,936
    94 2,485 4,548 8,719 8,344 14,234 22,152
    95 1,819 3,245 6,284 6,447 10,790 17,552
    96 1,263 2,271 4,388 4,715 7,918 13,570
    97 808 1,426 3,084 3,426 5,738 10,332
    98 554 881 1,980 2,373 3,928 7,183
    99 353 590 1,244 1,654 2,641 5,017
    100 218 337 646 1,078 1,761 3,033
    101 126 215 413 707 1,084 1,955
    102 71 120 216 428 666 1,252
    103 41 63 140 260 364 789
    104 19 38 89 139 240 499
    105+ 23 35 106 174 285 603
    Total 1,561,247 2,001,255 2,892,910 2,103,951 2,528,823 3,434,749
    Table 39 OAS Beneficiaries Graduated Mortality Rates by Age and Sex (1999, 2009 and 2019)
    Age Males
    Annual Deaths per Thousand    		 Females
    Annual Deaths per Thousand
    1999 2009 2019 1999 2009 2019
    65 17.5 13.1 12.0 10.1 8.0 7.2
    66 19.5 14.7 13.0 11.0 8.9 8.0
    67 21.7 16.2 14.1 12.1 9.8 8.8
    68 24.1 17.8 15.4 13.3 10.8 9.7
    69 26.7 19.3 16.7 14.5 11.9 10.7
    70 29.4 21.0 18.1 16.0 13.2 11.7
    71 32.3 22.9 19.7 17.7 14.5 12.9
    72 35.5 25.2 21.5 19.6 16.0 14.2
    73 39.1 27.8 23.5 21.7 17.7 15.6
    74 42.9 30.8 25.8 24.1 19.6 17.2
    75 47.2 34.2 28.4 26.7 21.7 19.0
    76 51.9 38.1 31.3 29.7 24.1 21.2
    77 57.1 42.3 34.7 33.1 26.9 23.6
    78 62.9 47.0 38.4 36.9 30.1 26.3
    79 69.4 52.2 42.7 41.3 33.7 29.4
    80 76.6 58.0 47.5 46.1 37.8 33.0
    81 84.5 64.5 52.9 51.6 42.5 37.0
    82 93.3 71.7 59.1 57.8 47.7 41.6
    83 102.9 79.9 66.2 64.9 53.6 46.8
    84 113.4 89.0 74.3 72.8 60.2 52.9
    85 124.6 99.1 83.6 81.7 67.8 59.8
    86 136.6 110.2 94.1 91.5 76.3 67.7
    87 149.4 122.5 106.0 102.3 86.0 76.9
    88 162.8 135.8 119.2 114.2 96.9 87.3
    89 177.0 150.3 133.8 127.0 108.9 99.0
    90 191.8 165.7 149.7 140.9 122.2 112.0
    91 207.2 182.0 166.8 155.8 136.6 126.4
    92 223.3 199.0 185.1 171.7 152.1 141.9
    93 239.7 216.7 204.3 188.3 168.6 158.7
    94 256.5 234.9 224.4 205.8 186.1 176.5
    95 273.5 253.7 245.0 224.1 204.6 195.4
    96 290.6 273.1 266.2 243.0 223.8 215.1
    97 307.6 293.1 287.6 262.6 243.7 235.6
    98 325.8 314.0 309.7 282.9 264.2 256.6
    99 345.2 335.7 332.5 303.9 285.1 278.0
    100 365.4 358.0 355.8 325.6 306.6 299.7
    101 386.5 380.8 379.4 348.0 328.4 321.5
    102 408.0 404.0 403.2 370.5 350.7 344.0
    103 430.0 427.3 427.1 393.1 373.4 366.9
    104 452.3 450.6 450.9 415.5 396.4 390.1
    105 474.6 473.8 474.4 437.7 419.3 413.3
    110 581.0 582.2 583.3 540.4 528.5 524.8
    115 663.3 664.0 664.6 616.7 612.6 611.3
    120 700.0 700.0 700.0 650.0 650.0 650.0
    Table 40 Life Table of OAS Beneficiaries (2019)
    Age Males Females
    lx 1,000 qx dx LifExp lx 1,000 qx dx LifExp
    65 100,000 12.0 1,197 19.41 100,000 7.2 725 22.21
    66 98,803 13.0 1,285 18.64 99,275 8.0 795 21.37
    67 97,519 14.1 1,378 17.88 98,480 8.8 869 20.54
    68 96,141 15.4 1,476 17.13 97,611 9.7 947 19.71
    69 94,664 16.7 1,579 16.39 96,665 10.7 1,030 18.90
    70 93,085 18.1 1,688 15.66 95,634 11.7 1,120 18.10
    71 91,397 19.7 1,804 14.94 94,514 12.9 1,217 17.31
    72 89,593 21.5 1,928 14.23 93,298 14.2 1,321 16.53
    73 87,665 23.5 2,062 13.53 91,976 15.6 1,435 15.76
    74 85,603 25.8 2,208 12.85 90,542 17.2 1,558 15.00
    75 83,395 28.4 2,366 12.17 88,983 19.0 1,695 14.25
    76 81,029 31.3 2,537 11.51 87,288 21.2 1,847 13.52
    77 78,492 34.7 2,721 10.87 85,442 23.6 2,014 12.80
    78 75,771 38.4 2,912 10.24 83,428 26.3 2,196 12.10
    79 72,859 42.7 3,111 9.63 81,232 29.4 2,391 11.41
    80 69,748 47.5 3,313 9.04 78,842 33.0 2,599 10.74
    81 66,435 52.9 3,517 8.46 76,242 37.0 2,820 10.09
    82 62,919 59.1 3,721 7.91 73,422 41.6 3,053 9.46
    83 59,198 66.2 3,920 7.38 70,369 46.8 3,296 8.85
    84 55,278 74.3 4,109 6.86 67,073 52.9 3,545 8.26
    85 51,170 83.6 4,277 6.37 63,528 59.8 3,797 7.69
    86 46,892 94.1 4,413 5.91 59,731 67.7 4,045 7.15
    87 42,479 106.0 4,501 5.47 55,686 76.9 4,280 6.63
    88 37,978 119.2 4,526 5.06 51,406 87.3 4,486 6.15
    89 33,452 133.8 4,475 4.68 46,919 99.0 4,645 5.68
    90 28,978 149.7 4,337 4.32 42,274 112.0 4,737 5.25
    91 24,641 166.8 4,110 4.00 37,537 126.4 4,744 4.85
    92 20,531 185.1 3,800 3.70 32,794 141.9 4,655 4.48
    93 16,731 204.3 3,418 3.42 28,139 158.7 4,465 4.14
    94 13,312 224.4 2,987 3.17 23,674 176.5 4,179 3.83
    95 10,325 245.0 2,530 2.94 19,495 195.4 3,809 3.54
    96 7,795 266.2 2,075 2.74 15,687 215.1 3,374 3.28
    97 5,720 287.6 1,645 2.55 12,313 235.6 2,900 3.05
    98 4,075 309.7 1,262 2.37 9,412 256.6 2,415 2.83
    99 2,813 332.5 935 2.22 6,997 278.0 1,945 2.64
    100 1,878 355.8 668 2.07 5,052 299.7 1,514 2.46
    101 1,210 379.4 459 1.94 3,538 321.5 1,137 2.30
    102 751 403.2 303 1.82 2,400 344.0 826 2.15
    103 448 427.1 191 1.71 1,575 366.9 578 2.01
    104 257 450.9 116 1.61 997 390.1 389 1.89
    105 141 474.4 67 1.52 608 413.3 251 1.77
    110 4 583.3 2 1.18 28 524.8 15 1.35
    115 0 664.6 0 0.99 0 611.3 0 1.12
    120 0 700.0 0 0.80 0 650.0 0 0.85
    Table 41 OAS Beneficiaries to Population Mortality Ratios (2019)
    Age Males Females
    Annual Deaths Per Thousand Ratio
    OAS to
    Population    		 Annual Deaths Per Thousand Ratio
    OAS to
    Population
    OAS Population OAS Population
    65 12.0 10.8 1.11 7.2 6.9 1.05
    66 13.0 11.9 1.09 8.0 7.6 1.06
    67 14.1 13.1 1.08 8.8 8.4 1.05
    68 15.4 14.4 1.07 9.7 9.2 1.05
    69 16.7 15.9 1.05 10.7 10.2 1.04
    70 18.1 17.5 1.04 11.7 11.3 1.03
    71 19.7 19.3 1.02 12.9 12.5 1.03
    72 21.5 21.3 1.01 14.2 13.9 1.02
    73 23.5 23.5 1.00 15.6 15.5 1.01
    74 25.8 25.9 0.99 17.2 17.2 1.00
    75 28.4 28.7 0.99 19.0 19.1 1.00
    76 31.3 31.7 0.99 21.2 21.3 0.99
    77 34.7 35.1 0.99 23.6 23.7 0.99
    78 38.4 38.9 0.99 26.3 26.5 0.99
    79 42.7 43.1 0.99 29.4 29.6 0.99
    80 47.5 47.8 0.99 33.0 33.1 1.00
    81 52.9 53.1 1.00 37.0 37.1 1.00
    82 59.1 59.0 1.00 41.6 41.6 1.00
    83 66.2 65.5 1.01 46.8 46.6 1.00
    84 74.3 72.9 1.02 52.9 52.4 1.01
    85 83.6 81.1 1.03 59.8 58.9 1.01
    86 94.1 90.3 1.04 67.7 66.3 1.02
    87 106.0 100.6 1.05 76.9 74.7 1.03
    88 119.2 112.2 1.06 87.3 84.2 1.04
    89 133.8 125.2 1.07 99.0 95.1 1.04
    90 149.7 139.7 1.07 112.0 107.5 1.04
    91 166.8 155.7 1.07 126.4 121.3 1.04
    92 185.1 172.7 1.07 141.9 136.2 1.04
    93 204.3 190.7 1.07 158.7 152.3 1.04
    94 224.4 209.7 1.07 176.5 169.5 1.04
    95 245.0 230.9 1.06 195.4 188.5 1.04
    96 266.2 251.2 1.06 215.1 207.9 1.03
    97 287.6 272.3 1.06 235.6 228.4 1.03
    98 309.7 293.8 1.05 256.6 249.7 1.03
    99 332.5 315.7 1.05 278.0 271.8 1.02
    100 355.8 337.8 1.05 299.7 294.5 1.02
    101 379.4 359.8 1.05 321.5 317.6 1.01
    102 403.2 381.6 1.06 344.0 340.8 1.01
    103 427.1 403.0 1.06 366.9 364.0 1.01
    104 450.9 423.8 1.06 390.1 386.8 1.01
    105 474.4 443.8 1.07 413.3 409.2 1.01
    110 583.3 1000.0 0.58 524.8 1000.0 0.52
    115 664.6 1000.0 0.66 611.3 1000.0 0.61
    120 700.0 1000.0 0.70 650.0 1000.0 0.65
    Table 42 OAS Beneficiaries by Type of Benefit (as at December 31st 2019)
    Age Males Females
    without_GIS with_GIS Proportion with GIS without_GIS with_GIS Proportion with GIS
    65 143,121 42,770 23% 154,775 47,351 23%
    66 146,568 40,713 22% 155,039 50,214 24%
    67 136,617 46,712 25% 145,560 54,634 27%
    68 130,202 47,450 27% 138,111 56,250 29%
    69 126,321 48,434 28% 132,686 58,346 31%
    70 126,122 48,040 28% 129,768 59,858 32%
    71 123,156 47,252 28% 125,704 59,920 32%
    72 125,764 47,588 27% 126,568 61,871 33%
    73 112,136 42,873 28% 113,020 56,666 33%
    74 93,403 37,964 29% 93,268 51,292 35%
    75 89,055 36,570 29% 89,123 50,488 36%
    76 84,360 34,895 29% 85,120 48,745 36%
    77 75,852 33,238 30% 76,536 47,565 38%
    78 66,646 30,659 32% 68,519 44,749 40%
    79 60,493 29,325 33% 62,975 44,277 41%
    80 54,885 27,073 33% 57,474 42,102 42%
    81 50,360 25,498 34% 53,261 40,629 43%
    82 44,654 23,252 34% 48,393 38,234 44%
    83 41,372 21,783 34% 45,041 36,590 45%
    84 37,254 19,538 34% 41,476 34,898 46%
    86 29,540 15,997 35% 34,369 30,709 47%
    87 26,591 14,586 35% 32,340 29,244 47%
    88 23,533 12,139 34% 29,122 27,015 48%
    89 19,769 10,863 35% 25,941 24,867 49%
    90 15,503 8,570 36% 21,483 21,589 50%
    91 12,716 6,936 35% 18,411 19,175 51%
    92 9,946 5,496 36% 15,549 16,819 52%
    93 7,589 4,182 36% 12,624 14,165 53%
    94 5,739 3,127 35% 10,401 11,751 53%
    95 4,128 2,272 36% 8,181 9,581 54%
    96 2,871 1,551 35% 6,170 7,359 54%
    97 1,986 1117 36% 4,515 5,873 57%
    98 1273 727 36% 3,116 4,214 57%
    99 776 514 40% 2,114 3,107 60%
    100 388 306 44% 1099 1,986 64%
    101 238 171 42% 734 1,303 64%
    102 124 101 45% 416 795 66%
    103 55 74 57% 208 567 73%
    104 34 49 59% 163 346 68%
     105+ 38 58 60% 161 433 73%
    Total 2,064,223 838,140 29% 2,207,303 1,248,504 36%
    Table 43 OAS Beneficiaries Deaths by Type of Benefit (2019)
    Age Males Females
    without_GIS with_GIS Proportion with
    GIS    		 without_GIS with_GIS Proportion with
    GIS
    65 1,477 811 35% 913 540 37%
    66 1,579 964 38% 1,004 715 42%
    67 1,548 1,060 41% 1,011 753 43%
    68 1,576 1,194 43% 1,030 852 45%
    69 1,745 1,233 41% 1,099 979 47%
    70 1,933 1,294 40% 1,158 1,023 47%
    71 1,963 1,462 43% 1,349 1,074 44%
    72 2,196 1,510 41% 1,448 1,274 47%
    73 2,039 1,448 42% 1,321 1,150 47%
    74 2,044 1,430 41% 1,280 1,230 49%
    75 2,033 1,439 41% 1,393 1,264 48%
    76 2,228 1,518 41% 1,435 1,327 48%
    77 2,253 1,503 40% 1,412 1,432 50%
    78 2,222 1,575 41% 1,611 1,513 48%
    79 2,250 1,619 42% 1,533 1,617 51%
    80 2,367 1,622 41% 1,578 1,705 52%
    81 2,402 1,634 40% 1,707 1,747 51%
    82 2,467 1,679 40% 1,801 1,895 51%
    83 2,609 1,720 40% 2,004 1,946 49%
    84 2,588 1,695 40% 2,061 2,156 51%
    85 2,683 1,713 39% 2,028 2,236 52%
    86 2,828 1,756 38% 2,282 2,379 51%
    87 2,807 1,667 37% 2,292 2,526 52%
    88 2,910 1,704 37% 2,373 2,739 54%
    89 2,640 1,582 37% 2,432 2,742 53%
    90 2,391 1,452 38% 2,443 2,786 53%
    91 2,274 1,307 36% 2,388 2,741 53%
    92 1,884 1,143 38% 2,313 2,639 53%
    93 1,726 999 37% 2,108 2,494 54%
    94 1,401 783 36% 1,946 2,362 55%
    95 1,142 632 36% 1,664 2,099 56%
    96 923 478 34% 1,435 1,816 56%
    97 684 368 35% 1,227 1560 56%
    98 479 264 36% 877 1286 59%
    99 318 190 37% 655 1013 61%
    100 152 110 42% 408 734 64%
    101 119 92 44% 266 453 63%
    102 54 57 51% 171 362 68%
    103 40 32 44% 128 242 65%
    104 21 25 54% 71 171 71%
    105+ 22 30 58% 82 250 75%
    Table 44 OAS Beneficiaries Exposures by Type of Benefit (2019)
    Age Males Females
    without_GIS with_GIS Proportion
    with GIS    		 without_GIS with_GIS Proportion
    with GIS
    65 150,921 41,264 21% 157,694 47,372 23%
    66 148,438 43,622 23% 154,327 52,555 25%
    67 136,475 47,486 26% 143,950 55,395 28%
    68 131,013 48,454 27% 137,436 57,663 30%
    69 127,749 48,957 28% 132,222 59,391 31%
    70 126,699 48,131 28% 129,224 60,323 32%
    71 125,231 47,950 28% 126,347 61,093 33%
    72 124,186 46,739 27% 124,478 60,983 33%
    73 103,309 41,051 28% 103,585 54,251 34%
    74 92,738 37,979 29% 92,030 51,532 36%
    75 88,430 36,615 29% 88,557 50,350 36%
    76 82,395 34,798 30% 82,577 48,970 37%
    77 72,755 32,727 31% 73,606 46,885 39%
    78 65,565 31,007 32% 67,704 45,591 40%
    79 58,904 28,948 33% 61,133 43,946 42%
    80 54,334 27,199 33% 56,667 42,284 43%
    81 49,099 25,383 34% 52,148 40,596 44%
    82 44,336 23,204 34% 47,664 38,231 45%
    83 40,997 21,670 35% 44,845 36,897 45%
    84 36,645 19,541 35% 40,999 35,051 46%
    85 32,784 17,762 35% 37,244 32,898 47%
    86 29,788 16,154 35% 34,759 31,373 47%
    87 26,437 14,375 35% 32,108 29,447 48%
    88 23,301 12,287 35% 29,013 27,403 49%
    89 19,148 10,596 36% 25,282 24,620 49%
    90 15,304 8,465 36% 21,318 21,804 51%
    91 12,599 6,909 35% 18,485 19,449 51%
    92 9,688 5,430 36% 15,281 16,841 52%
    93 7,520 4,111 35% 12,683 14,253 53%
    94 5,646 3,073 35% 10,304 11,847 53%
    95 4,053 2,231 36% 8,059 9,493 54%
    96 2,846 1,541 35% 6,157 7,412 55%
    97 1,987 1,098 36% 4,444 5,888 57%
    98 1,236 744 38% 3,002 4,181 58%
    99 743 501 40% 1,964 3,053 61%
    100 377 268 42% 1,104 1,928 64%
    101 241 172 42% 700 1,255 64%
    102 107 108 50% 396 857 68%
    103 60 80 57% 242 547 69%
    104 40 49 55% 153 345 69%
    105+ 44 62 58% 166 437 72%
    Table 45 Graduated Mortality Rates and Ratios by Type of Benefit – Males (2019)
    Age Overall without GIS Ratio
    without GIS
    to Overall    		 with GIS Ratio
    with GIS
    to Overall    		 Ratio with GIS to without
    65 12.0 9.8 0.82 20.0 1.67 2.04
    66 13.0 10.5 0.81 21.1 1.62 2.02
    67 14.1 11.3 0.80 22.4 1.59 1.98
    68 15.4 12.3 0.80 23.9 1.55 1.94
    69 16.7 13.4 0.80 25.5 1.53 1.91
    70 18.1 14.6 0.81 27.4 1.51 1.87
    71 19.7 16.0 0.81 29.4 1.49 1.84
    72 21.5 17.5 0.81 31.7 1.47 1.81
    73 23.5 19.3 0.82 34.1 1.45 1.76
    74 25.8 21.4 0.83 36.6 1.42 1.71
    75 28.4 23.8 0.84 39.4 1.39 1.66
    76 31.3 26.5 0.85 42.4 1.35 1.60
    77 34.7 29.7 0.86 45.7 1.32 1.54
    78 38.4 33.3 0.87 49.3 1.28 1.48
    79 42.7 37.5 0.88 53.4 1.25 1.43
    80 47.5 42.2 0.89 58.0 1.22 1.37
    81 52.9 47.7 0.90 63.2 1.19 1.33
    82 59.1 53.9 0.91 69.0 1.17 1.28
    83 66.2 61.1 0.92 75.7 1.14 1.24
    84 74.3 69.4 0.93 83.4 1.12 1.20
    85 83.6 78.9 0.94 92.2 1.10 1.17
    86 94.1 89.7 0.95 102.2 1.09 1.14
    87 106.0 101.8 0.96 113.5 1.07 1.12
    88 119.2 115.2 0.97 126.2 1.06 1.10
    89 133.8 130.0 0.97 140.3 1.05 1.08
    90 149.7 146.2 0.98 155.6 1.04 1.06
    91 166.8 163.7 0.98 172.1 1.03 1.05
    92 185.1 182.4 0.99 189.7 1.02 1.04
    93 204.3 202.1 0.99 208.2 1.02 1.03
    94 224.4 222.7 0.99 227.6 1.01 1.02
    95 245.0 244.0 1.00 247.6 1.01 1.01
    96 266.2 265.8 1.00 268.0 1.01 1.01
    97 287.6 287.6 1.00 288.7 1.00 1.00
    98 309.7 309.7 1.00 310.2 1.00 1.00
    99 332.5 332.5 1.00 332.5 1.00 1.00
    100 355.8 355.8 1.00 355.8 1.00 1.00
    101 379.4 379.4 1.00 379.4 1.00 1.00
    102 403.2 403.2 1.00 403.2 1.00 1.00
    103 427.1 427.1 1.00 427.1 1.00 1.00
    104 450.9 450.9 1.00 450.9 1.00 1.00
    105 474.4 474.4 1.00 474.4 1.00 1.00
    110 583.3 583.3 1.00 583.3 1.00 1.00
    115 664.6 664.6 1.00 664.6 1.00 1.00
    120 700.0 700.0 1.00 700.0 1.00 1.00
    Table 46 Graduated Mortality Rates and Ratios by Type of Benefit – Females (2019)
    Age Overall without GIS Ratio without
    GIS to
    Overall    		 with GIS Ratio with
    GIS to
    Overall    		 Ratio with
    GIS to
    without
    65 7.2 5.9 0.81 11.9 1.64 2.02
    66 8.0 6.3 0.79 12.8 1.60 2.02
    67 8.8 6.9 0.78 13.8 1.56 2.00
    68 9.7 7.6 0.78 14.8 1.53 1.95
    69 10.7 8.4 0.78 15.9 1.49 1.90
    70 11.7 9.2 0.79 17.0 1.45 1.84
    71 12.9 10.2 0.80 18.3 1.42 1.79
    72 14.2 11.3 0.80 19.7 1.39 1.74
    73 15.6 12.6 0.81 21.3 1.37 1.70
    74 17.2 14.0 0.81 23.1 1.34 1.66
    75 19.0 15.6 0.82 25.1 1.32 1.61
    76 21.2 17.4 0.82 27.3 1.29 1.57
    77 23.6 19.6 0.83 29.8 1.26 1.52
    78 26.3 22.2 0.84 32.5 1.24 1.47
    79 29.4 25.1 0.85 35.6 1.21 1.42
    80 33.0 28.5 0.86 39.0 1.18 1.37
    81 37.0 32.4 0.88 42.9 1.16 1.33
    82 41.6 36.8 0.89 47.4 1.14 1.29
    83 46.8 41.9 0.89 52.7 1.13 1.26
    84 52.9 47.6 0.90 58.9 1.11 1.24
    85 59.8 54.2 0.91 66.0 1.10 1.22
    86 67.7 61.9 0.91 74.2 1.10 1.20
    87 76.9 70.8 0.92 83.5 1.09 1.18
    88 87.3 81.1 0.93 93.8 1.07 1.16
    89 99.0 93.1 0.94 105.2 1.06 1.13
    90 112.0 106.6 0.95 117.6 1.05 1.10
    91 126.4 121.6 0.96 130.9 1.04 1.08
    92 141.9 138.0 0.97 145.4 1.02 1.05
    93 158.7 155.7 0.98 161.0 1.01 1.03
    94 176.5 174.5 0.99 177.9 1.01 1.02
    95 195.4 194.2 0.99 195.9 1.00 1.01
    96 215.1 214.7 1.00 215.2 1.00 1.00
    97 235.6 235.6 1.00 235.6 1.00 1.00
    98 256.6 256.6 1.00 256.6 1.00 1.00
    99 278.0 278.0 1.00 278.1 1.00 1.00
    100 299.7 299.7 1.00 300.0 1.00 1.00
    101 321.5 321.5 1.00 322.0 1.00 1.00
    102 344.0 344.0 1.00 344.7 1.00 1.00
    103 366.9 366.9 1.00 367.7 1.00 1.00
    104 390.1 390.1 1.00 391.0 1.00 1.00
    105 413.3 413.3 1.00 414.3 1.00 1.00
    110 524.8 524.8 1.00 525.6 1.00 1.00
    115 611.3 611.3 1.00 611.6 1.00 1.00
    120 650.0 650.0 1.00 650.0 1.00 1.00
    Table 47 Life Table of OAS Beneficiaries without GIS (2019)
    Age Males Females
    lx 1,000 qx dx LifExp lx 1,000 qx dx LifExp
    65 100,000 9.8 978 20.33 100,000 5.9 587 23.16
    66 99,022 10.5 1,038 19.53 99,413 6.3 630 22.29
    67 97,984 11.3 1,108 18.73 98,783 6.9 682 21.43
    68 96,875 12.3 1,189 17.94 98,101 7.6 743 20.58
    69 95,686 13.4 1,280 17.15 97,357 8.4 813 19.73
    70 94,406 14.6 1,379 16.38 96,544 9.2 892 18.89
    71 93,027 16.0 1,486 15.62 95,652 10.2 980 18.06
    72 91,541 17.5 1,605 14.86 94,672 11.3 1,074 17.25
    73 89,936 19.3 1,737 14.12 93,598 12.6 1,177 16.44
    74 88,198 21.4 1,885 13.38 92,421 14.0 1,290 15.64
    75 86,313 23.8 2,050 12.67 91,131 15.6 1,418 14.86
    76 84,263 26.5 2,234 11.96 89,713 17.4 1,563 14.08
    77 82,029 29.7 2,436 11.27 88,150 19.6 1,728 13.32
    78 79,593 33.3 2,652 10.60 86,422 22.2 1,914 12.58
    79 76,941 37.5 2,883 9.95 84,507 25.1 2,121 11.85
    80 74,058 42.2 3,127 9.32 82,387 28.5 2,347 11.15
    81 70,932 47.7 3,381 8.71 80,040 32.4 2,592 10.46
    82 67,551 53.9 3,643 8.12 77,448 36.8 2,851 9.79
    83 63,908 61.1 3,908 7.55 74,597 41.9 3,122 9.15
    84 60,000 69.4 4,166 7.01 71,475 47.6 3,402 8.52
    85 55,834 78.9 4,406 6.50 68,073 54.2 3,689 7.92
    86 51,428 89.7 4,612 6.01 64,383 61.9 3,983 7.35
    87 46,816 101.8 4,764 5.56 60,401 70.8 4,275 6.80
    88 42,053 115.2 4,845 5.13 56,125 81.1 4,554 6.28
    89 37,208 130.0 4,838 4.73 51,571 93.1 4,800 5.79
    90 32,369 146.2 4,733 4.37 46,771 106.6 4,984 5.34
    91 27,636 163.7 4,524 4.03 41,787 121.6 5,080 4.91
    92 23,113 182.4 4,215 3.72 36,707 138.0 5,065 4.52
    93 18,898 202.1 3,819 3.44 31,642 155.7 4,926 4.17
    94 15,079 222.7 3,358 3.18 26,717 174.5 4,661 3.84
    95 11,721 244.0 2,860 2.95 22,056 194.2 4,283 3.55
    96 8,861 265.8 2,355 2.74 17,773 214.7 3,816 3.28
    97 6,506 287.6 1,871 2.55 13,957 235.6 3,288 3.05
    98 4,635 309.7 1,436 2.37 10,669 256.6 2,738 2.83
    99 3,199 332.5 1,064 2.22 7,932 278.0 2,205 2.64
    100 2,135 355.8 760 2.07 5,726 299.7 1,716 2.46
    101 1,376 379.4 522 1.94 4,010 321.5 1,289 2.30
    102 854 403.2 344 1.82 2,721 344.0 936 2.15
    103 509 427.1 218 1.71 1,785 366.9 655 2.01
    104 292 450.9 132 1.61 1,130 390.1 441 1.89
    105 160 474.4 76 1.52 689 413.3 285 1.77
    110 4 583.3 2 1.18 32 524.8 17 1.35
    115 0 664.6 0 0.99 1 611.3 0 1.12
    120 0 700.0 0 0.80 0 650.0 0 0.85
    Table 48 Life Table of OAS Beneficiaries with GIS (2019)
    Age Males Females
    lx 1,000 qx dx LifExp lx 1,000 qx dx LifExp
    65 100,000 20.0 1,999 17.40 100,000 11.9 1,187 20.68
    66 98,001 21.1 2,070 16.74 98,813 12.8 1,267 19.93
    67 95,931 22.4 2,150 16.10 97,546 13.8 1,346 19.18
    68 93,782 23.9 2,237 15.45 96,200 14.8 1,425 18.44
    69 91,544 25.5 2,334 14.82 94,775 15.9 1,505 17.71
    70 89,210 27.4 2,441 14.19 93,270 17.0 1,589 16.99
    71 86,769 29.4 2,554 13.58 91,682 18.3 1,679 16.27
    72 84,215 31.7 2,668 12.97 90,003 19.7 1,777 15.57
    73 81,546 34.1 2,779 12.38 88,226 21.3 1,883 14.87
    74 78,767 36.6 2,885 11.80 86,343 23.1 1,996 14.18
    75 75,883 39.4 2,987 11.23 84,346 25.1 2,117 13.51
    76 72,896 42.4 3,087 10.67 82,229 27.3 2,246 12.84
    77 69,808 45.7 3,187 10.12 79,982 29.8 2,383 12.19
    78 66,621 49.3 3,286 9.58 77,600 32.5 2,524 11.55
    79 63,334 53.4 3,383 9.05 75,076 35.6 2,671 10.92
    80 59,951 58.0 3,477 8.54 72,404 39.0 2,825 10.30
    81 56,474 63.2 3,568 8.03 69,579 42.9 2,986 9.70
    82 52,906 69.0 3,653 7.54 66,593 47.4 3,160 9.11
    83 49,253 75.7 3,731 7.06 63,433 52.7 3,344 8.54
    84 45,522 83.4 3,797 6.60 60,089 58.9 3,538 7.99
    85 41,725 92.2 3,846 6.15 56,551 66.0 3,733 7.46
    86 37,879 102.2 3,871 5.73 52,818 74.2 3,919 6.95
    87 34,008 113.5 3,861 5.32 48,898 83.5 4,082 6.47
    88 30,147 126.2 3,805 4.94 44,817 93.8 4,205 6.01
    89 26,342 140.3 3,695 4.58 40,612 105.2 4,272 5.58
    90 22,647 155.6 3,524 4.25 36,340 117.6 4,272 5.18
    91 19,124 172.1 3,291 3.94 32,068 130.9 4,199 4.80
    92 15,832 189.7 3,003 3.65 27,869 145.4 4,052 4.45
    93 12,829 208.2 2,672 3.39 23,817 161.0 3,835 4.13
    94 10,157 227.6 2,312 3.15 19,982 177.9 3,554 3.82
    95 7,846 247.6 1,943 2.93 16,428 195.9 3,219 3.54
    96 5,903 268.0 1,582 2.73 13,209 215.2 2,842 3.28
    97 4,321 288.7 1,247 2.54 10,366 235.6 2,442 3.04
    98 3,073 310.2 953 2.37 7,924 256.6 2,033 2.83
    99 2,120 332.5 705 2.22 5,891 278.1 1,638 2.63
    100 1,415 355.8 504 2.07 4,253 300.0 1,276 2.45
    101 912 379.4 346 1.94 2,977 322.0 959 2.29
    102 566 403.2 228 1.82 2,018 344.7 696 2.14
    103 338 427.1 144 1.71 1,323 367.7 486 2.01
    104 193 450.9 87 1.61 836 391.0 327 1.88
    105 106 474.4 50 1.52 509 414.3 211 1.77
    110 3 583.3 2 1.18 23 525.6 12 1.35
    115 0 664.6 0 0.99 0 611.6 0 1.12
    120 0 700.0 0 0.80 0 650.0 0 0.85
    Table 49 OAS Beneficiaries by Marital Status and Type of Benefit – Males (2019)
    Age Overall without_GIS with_GIS
    Married Single Married Single %Married %Single Married Single %Married %Single
    65 130,588 55,303 108,950 34,171 76% 24% 21,638 21,132 51% 49%
    66 132,091 55,190 112,560 34,008 77% 23% 19,531 21,182 48% 52%
    67 129,809 53,520 106,259 30,358 78% 22% 23,550 23,162 50% 50%
    68 127,332 50,320 102,543 27,659 79% 21% 24,789 22,661 52% 48%
    69 125,775 48,980 99,892 26,429 79% 21% 25,883 22,551 53% 47%
    70 126,451 47,711 100,375 25,747 80% 20% 26,076 21,964 54% 46%
    71 124,389 46,019 98,534 24,622 80% 20% 25,855 21,397 55% 45%
    72 127,314 46,038 100,810 24,954 80% 20% 26,504 21,084 56% 44%
    73 114,170 40,839 90,048 22,088 80% 20% 24,122 18,751 56% 44%
    74 96,326 35,041 74,460 18,943 80% 20% 21,866 16,098 58% 42%
    75 92,364 33,261 71,126 17,929 80% 20% 21,238 15,332 58% 42%
    76 87,685 31,570 67,092 17,268 80% 20% 20,593 14,302 59% 41%
    77 80,081 29,009 60,077 15,775 79% 21% 20,004 13,234 60% 40%
    78 70,701 26,604 52,293 14,353 78% 22% 18,408 12,251 60% 40%
    79 64,997 24,821 47,060 13,433 78% 22% 17,937 11,388 61% 39%
    80 59,049 22,909 42,426 12,459 77% 23% 16,623 10,450 61% 39%
    81 54,102 21,756 38,232 12,128 76% 24% 15,870 9,628 62% 38%
    82 47,615 20,291 33,279 11,375 75% 25% 14,336 8,916 62% 38%
    83 43,570 19,585 30,388 10,984 73% 27% 13,182 8,601 61% 39%
    84 38,471 18,321 26,727 10,527 72% 28% 11,744 7,794 60% 40%
    85 33,616 17,106 23,040 10,005 70% 30% 10,576 7,101 60% 40%
    86 29,330 16,207 19,917 9,623 67% 33% 9,413 6,584 59% 41%
    87 25,710 15,467 17,461 9,130 66% 34% 8,249 6,337 57% 43%
    88 21,487 14,185 14,765 8,768 63% 37% 6,722 5,417 55% 45%
    89 17,843 12,789 11,993 7,776 61% 39% 5,850 5,013 54% 46%
    90 13,246 10,827 8,811 6,692 57% 43% 4,435 4,135 52% 48%
    91 10,211 9,441 6,837 5,879 54% 46% 3,374 3,562 49% 51%
    92 7,561 7,881 5,015 4,931 50% 50% 2,546 2,950 46% 54%
    93 5,454 6,317 3,588 4,001 47% 53% 1,866 2,316 45% 55%
    94 3,727 5,139 2,410 3,329 42% 58% 1317 1,810 42% 58%
    95 2,497 3,903 1,646 2,482 40% 60% 851 1,421 37% 63%
    96 1,605 2,817 1040 1831 36% 64% 565 986 36% 64%
    97 1016 2,087 669 1317 34% 66% 347 770 31% 69%
    98 645 1355 414 859 33% 67% 231 496 32% 68%
    99 359 931 220 556 28% 72% 139 375 27% 73%
    100 177 517 102 286 26% 74% 75 231 25% 75%
    101 93 316 56 182 24% 76% 37 134 22% 78%
    102 36 189 24 100 19% 81% 12 89 12% 88%
    103 24 105 6 49 11% 89% 18 56 24% 76%
    104 13 70 9 25 26% 74% 4 45 8% 92%
    105+ 19 77 7 31 18% 82% 12 46 21% 79%
    Total 2,047,549 854,814 1,581,161 483,062 77% 23% 466,388 371,752 56% 44%
    Table 50 OAS Beneficiaries by Marital Status and Type of Benefit – Females (2019)
    Age Overall without_GIS with_GIS
    Married Single Married Single %Married %Single Married Single %Married %Single
    65 129,958 72,168 110,105 44,670 71% 29% 19,853 27,498 42% 58%
    66 130,079 75,174 109,428 45,611 71% 29% 20,651 29,563 41% 59%
    67 125,452 74,742 102,980 42,580 71% 29% 22,472 32,162 41% 59%
    68 120,308 74,053 97,375 40,736 71% 29% 22,933 33,317 41% 59%
    69 116,288 74,744 92,492 40,194 70% 30% 23,796 34,550 41% 59%
    70 113,797 75,829 89,897 39,871 69% 31% 23,900 35,958 40% 60%
    71 109,688 75,936 86,013 39,691 68% 32% 23,675 36,245 40% 60%
    72 109,109 79,330 85,028 41,540 67% 33% 24,081 37,790 39% 61%
    73 95,967 73,719 74,431 38,589 66% 34% 21,536 35,130 38% 62%
    74 78,846 65,714 59,743 33,525 64% 36% 19,103 32,189 37% 63%
    75 74,015 65,596 55,837 33,286 63% 37% 18,178 32,310 36% 64%
    76 68,483 65,382 51,415 33,705 60% 40% 17,068 31,677 35% 65%
    77 60,899 63,202 44,775 31,761 59% 41% 16,124 31,441 34% 66%
    78 53,300 59,968 38,865 29,654 57% 43% 14,435 30,314 32% 68%
    79 47,570 59,682 34,012 28,963 54% 46% 13,558 30,719 31% 69%
    80 42,010 57,566 29,749 27,725 52% 48% 12,261 29,841 29% 71%
    81 36,862 57,028 25,763 27,498 48% 52% 11,099 29,530 27% 73%
    82 31,559 55,068 21,913 26,480 45% 55% 9,646 28,588 25% 75%
    83 27,570 54,061 18,972 26,069 42% 58% 8,598 27,992 23% 77%
    84 23,441 52,933 16,071 25,405 39% 61% 7,370 27,528 21% 79%
    85 19,586 51,110 13,361 24,408 35% 65% 6,225 26,702 19% 81%
    86 16,403 48,675 11,225 23,144 33% 67% 5,178 25,531 17% 83%
    87 13,396 48,188 9,063 23,277 28% 72% 4,333 24,911 15% 85%
    88 10,722 45,415 7,356 21,766 25% 75% 3,366 23,649 12% 88%
    89 8,411 42,397 5,772 20,169 22% 78% 2,639 22,228 11% 89%
    90 5,979 37,093 4,014 17,469 19% 81% 1,965 19,624 9% 91%
    91 4,438 33,148 2,996 15,415 16% 84% 1,442 17,733 8% 92%
    92 3,141 29,227 2,124 13,425 14% 86% 1,017 15,802 6% 94%
    93 2,092 24,697 1,469 11,155 12% 88% 623 13,542 4% 96%
    94 1,430 20,722 990 9,411 10% 90% 440 11,311 4% 96%
    95 881 16,881 623 7,558 8% 92% 258 9,323 3% 97%
    96 603 12,926 423 5747 7% 93% 180 7179 2% 98%
    97 342 10,046 239 4276 5% 95% 103 5770 2% 98%
    98 182 7148 135 2981 4% 96% 47 4167 1% 99%
    99 103 5118 69 2045 3% 97% 34 3073 1% 99%
    100 50 3035 38 1061 3% 97% 12 1974 1% 99%
    101 23 2014 18 716 2% 98% 5 1298 0% 100%
    102 11 1200 4 412 1% 99% 7 788 1% 99%
    103 7 768 5 203 2% 98% 2 565 0% 100%
    104 3 506 3 160 2% 98% 0 346 0% 100%
    105+ 4 590 2 159 1% 99% 2 431 0% 100%
    Total 1,683,008 1,772,799 1,304,793 902,510 59% 41% 378,215 870,289 30% 70%
    Table 51 OAS Beneficiaries Deaths by Marital Status and Type of Benefit – Males (2019)
    Age Overall without GIS with GIS
    Married Single Married Single %Married %Single Married Single %Married %Single
    65 1,076 1212 885 592 60% 40% 191 620 24% 76%
    66 1,242 1,301 979 600 62% 38% 263 701 27% 73%
    67 1,282 1326 975 573 63% 37% 307 753 29% 71%
    68 1,448 1322 1039 537 66% 34% 409 785 34% 66%
    69 1,647 1331 1,180 565 68% 32% 467 766 38% 62%
    70 1,769 1,458 1,331 602 69% 31% 438 856 34% 66%
    71 1,924 1,501 1,377 586 70% 30% 547 915 37% 63%
    72 2,067 1,639 1,525 671 69% 31% 542 968 36% 64%
    73 2,026 1,461 1,407 632 69% 31% 619 829 43% 57%
    74 2,084 1,390 1,466 578 72% 28% 618 812 43% 57%
    75 2,032 1,440 1,363 670 67% 33% 669 770 46% 54%
    76 2,246 1,500 1,537 691 69% 31% 709 809 47% 53%
    77 2,315 1,441 1,599 654 71% 29% 716 787 48% 52%
    78 2,269 1,528 1,527 695 69% 31% 742 833 47% 53%
    79 2,393 1,476 1,583 667 70% 30% 810 809 50% 50%
    80 2,463 1,526 1,631 736 69% 31% 832 790 51% 49%
    81 2,457 1,579 1,631 771 68% 32% 826 808 51% 49%
    82 2,531 1,615 1,656 811 67% 33% 875 804 52% 48%
    83 2,652 1,677 1,769 840 68% 32% 883 837 51% 49%
    84 2,587 1,696 1,680 908 65% 35% 907 788 54% 46%
    85 2,563 1,833 1,700 983 63% 37% 863 850 50% 50%
    86 2,592 1,992 1,712 1116 61% 39% 880 876 50% 50%
    87 2,476 1,998 1,668 1,139 59% 41% 808 859 48% 52%
    88 2,458 2,156 1,654 1256 57% 43% 804 900 47% 53%
    89 2,194 2,028 1,440 1200 55% 45% 754 828 48% 52%
    90 1,927 1,916 1,256 1135 53% 47% 671 781 46% 54%
    91 1,681 1,900 1,095 1179 48% 52% 586 721 45% 55%
    92 1,296 1,731 841 1043 45% 55% 455 688 40% 60%
    93 1098 1,627 697 1029 40% 60% 401 598 40% 60%
    94 830 1354 535 866 38% 62% 295 488 38% 62%
    95 677 1097 433 709 38% 62% 244 388 39% 61%
    96 441 960 282 641 31% 69% 159 319 33% 67%
    97 332 720 218 466 32% 68% 114 254 31% 69%
    98 242 501 170 309 35% 65% 72 192 27% 73%
    99 134 374 88 230 28% 72% 46 144 24% 76%
    100 58 204 39 113 26% 74% 19 91 17% 83%
    101 50 161 32 87 27% 73% 18 74 20% 80%
    102 28 83 14 40 26% 74% 14 43 25% 75%
    103 13 59 6 34 15% 85% 7 25 22% 78%
    104 7 39 2 19 10% 90% 5 20 20% 80%
    105+ 7 45 2 20 9% 91% 5 25 17% 83%
    Total 61,614 52,197 42,024 26,993 61% 39% 19,590 25,204 44% 56%
    Table 52 OAS Beneficiaries Deaths by Marital Status and Type of Benefit – Females (2019)
    Age Overall without GIS with GIS
    Married Single Married Single %Married %Single Married Single %Married %Single
    65 698 755 555 358 61% 39% 143 397 26% 74%
    66 838 881 631 373 63% 37% 207 508 29% 71%
    67 803 961 592 419 59% 41% 211 542 28% 72%
    68 883 999 633 397 61% 39% 250 602 29% 71%
    69 947 1131 653 446 59% 41% 294 685 30% 70%
    70 1,020 1,161 709 449 61% 39% 311 712 30% 70%
    71 1,114 1,309 819 530 61% 39% 295 779 27% 73%
    72 1,158 1,564 827 621 57% 43% 331 943 26% 74%
    73 1,088 1,383 773 548 59% 41% 315 835 27% 73%
    74 1,057 1,453 725 555 57% 43% 332 898 27% 73%
    75 1,098 1,559 748 645 54% 46% 350 914 28% 72%
    76 1,120 1,642 757 678 53% 47% 363 964 27% 73%
    77 1,031 1,813 686 726 49% 51% 345 1087 24% 76%
    78 1,179 1,945 765 846 47% 53% 414 1099 27% 73%
    79 1,037 2,113 676 857 44% 56% 361 1256 22% 78%
    80 1,099 2,184 703 875 45% 55% 396 1309 23% 77%
    81 1,044 2,410 664 1043 39% 61% 380 1367 22% 78%
    82 1,097 2,599 666 1135 37% 63% 431 1464 23% 77%
    83 1,045 2,905 681 1323 34% 66% 364 1582 19% 81%
    84 1,026 3,191 633 1428 31% 69% 393 1763 18% 82%
    85 935 3,329 585 1443 29% 71% 350 1886 16% 84%
    86 928 3,733 577 1705 25% 75% 351 2028 15% 85%
    87 844 3,974 549 1,743 24% 76% 295 2231 12% 88%
    88 817 4,295 514 1859 22% 78% 303 2436 11% 89%
    89 705 4,469 454 1978 19% 81% 251 2491 9% 91%
    90 625 4,604 403 2040 16% 84% 222 2564 8% 92%
    91 509 4,620 333 2055 14% 86% 176 2565 6% 94%
    92 412 4,540 275 2038 12% 88% 137 2502 5% 95%
    93 325 4,277 215 1893 10% 90% 110 2384 4% 96%
    94 226 4082 155 1791 8% 92% 71 2291 3% 97%
    95 168 3595 110 1554 7% 93% 58 2041 3% 97%
    96 124 3127 75 1360 5% 95% 49 1767 3% 97%
    97 75 2712 51 1176 4% 96% 24 1536 2% 98%
    98 59 2104 38 839 4% 96% 21 1265 2% 98%
    99 38 1630 27 628 4% 96% 11 1002 1% 99%
    100 12 1130 10 398 2% 98% 2 732 0% 100%
    101 7 712 6 260 2% 98% 1 452 0% 100%
    102 1 532 1 170 1% 99% 0 362 0% 100%
    103 4 366 3 125 2% 98% 1 241 0% 100%
    104 0 242 0 71 0% 100% 0 171 0% 100%
    105+ 0 332 0 82 0% 100% 0 250 0% 100%
    Total 27,196 92,363 18,277 39,460 32% 68% 8,919 52,903 14% 86%
    Table 53 OAS Beneficiaries Exposures by Marital Status and Type of Benefit – Males (2019)
    Age Overall without GIS with GIS
    Married Single Married Single %Married %Single Married Single %Married %Single
    65 135,501 56,685 115,220 35,701 76% 24% 20,280 20,984 49% 51%
    66 135,671 56,389 114,395 34,043 77% 23% 21,276 22,346 49% 51%
    67 130,760 53,201 106,551 29,924 78% 22% 24,209 23,277 51% 49%
    68 128,599 50,868 103,129 27,884 79% 21% 25,470 22,984 53% 47%
    69 127,428 49,277 101,133 26,616 79% 21% 26,296 22,661 54% 46%
    70 126,984 47,846 100,934 25,764 80% 20% 26,050 22,081 54% 46%
    71 126,401 46,781 100,112 25,120 80% 20% 26,289 21,661 55% 45%
    72 125,416 45,509 99,469 24,718 80% 20% 25,947 20,792 56% 44%
    73 105,726 38,634 82,494 20,815 80% 20% 23,232 17,819 57% 43%
    74 95,733 34,984 73,915 18,823 80% 20% 21,819 16,161 57% 43%
    75 91,717 33,328 70,363 18,067 80% 20% 21,354 15,261 58% 42%
    76 86,025 31,169 65,375 17,021 79% 21% 20,650 14,148 59% 41%
    77 76,800 28,683 57,205 15,551 79% 21% 19,595 13,132 60% 40%
    78 69,727 26,845 51,095 14,470 78% 22% 18,632 12,375 60% 40%
    79 63,368 24,484 45,675 13,229 78% 22% 17,693 11,255 61% 39%
    80 58,322 23,212 41,591 12,743 77% 23% 16,731 10,469 62% 38%
    81 52,543 21,939 36,910 12,189 75% 25% 15,634 9,750 62% 38%
    82 46,911 20,628 32,769 11,567 74% 26% 14,142 9,061 61% 39%
    83 42,752 19,916 29,706 11,291 72% 28% 13,045 8,625 60% 40%
    84 37,712 18,474 25,997 10,648 71% 29% 11,715 7,826 60% 40%
    85 32,850 17,696 22,372 10,411 68% 32% 10,477 7,284 59% 41%
    86 29,149 16,793 19,830 9,958 67% 33% 9,319 6,835 58% 42%
    87 24,990 15,822 16,988 9,448 64% 36% 8,002 6,373 56% 44%
    88 21,042 14,546 14,392 8,909 62% 38% 6,650 5,637 54% 46%
    89 16,841 12,904 11,272 7,876 59% 41% 5,568 5,028 53% 47%
    90 12,782 10,987 8,498 6,806 56% 44% 4,284 4,181 51% 49%
    91 9,806 9,702 6,537 6,062 52% 48% 3,269 3,640 47% 53%
    92 7,188 7,930 4,725 4,963 49% 51% 2,463 2,967 45% 55%
    93 5,154 6,477 3,369 4,151 45% 55% 1,785 2,326 43% 57%
    94 3,542 5,177 2,303 3,342 41% 59% 1,239 1,834 40% 60%
    95 2,394 3,890 1,562 2,491 39% 61% 832 1,399 37% 63%
    96 1,527 2,861 1,002 1,844 35% 65% 525 1,017 34% 66%
    97 992 2,092 654 1,333 33% 67% 338 759 31% 69%
    98 628 1,352 400 836 32% 68% 227 517 31% 69%
    99 330 915 208 535 28% 72% 122 379 24% 76%
    100 160 485 97 281 26% 74% 64 205 24% 76%
    101 82 331 51 189 21% 79% 30 142 18% 82%
    102 38 178 19 88 18% 82% 19 90 17% 83%
    103 25 114 8 51 14% 86% 17 63 21% 79%
    104 15 73 8 31 21% 79% 7 42 14% 86%
    105+ 23 83 12 33 26% 74% 11 51 18% 82%
    Total 2,033,652 859,258 1,568,346 485,821 76% 24% 465,306 373,437 55% 45%
    Table 54 OAS Beneficiaries Exposures by Marital Status and Type of Benefit – Females (2019)
    Age Overall without GIS with GIS
    Married Single Married Single %Married %Single Married Single %Married %Single
    65 130,651 74,415 111,165 46,529 70% 30% 19,486 27,886 41% 59%
    66 130,086 76,796 108,524 45,803 70% 30% 21,563 30,992 41% 59%
    67 124,116 75,229 101,472 42,478 70% 30% 22,644 32,751 41% 59%
    68 119,806 75,293 96,309 41,127 70% 30% 23,497 34,166 41% 59%
    69 115,823 75,791 91,844 40,378 69% 31% 23,978 35,413 40% 60%
    70 112,837 76,710 88,944 40,280 69% 31% 23,893 36,430 40% 60%
    71 109,656 77,784 85,649 40,698 68% 32% 24,007 37,085 39% 61%
    72 106,158 79,302 82,792 41,686 67% 33% 23,367 37,616 38% 62%
    73 87,861 69,974 67,440 36,145 65% 35% 20,422 33,829 38% 62%
    74 77,213 66,349 58,352 33,678 63% 37% 18,861 32,671 37% 63%
    75 72,489 66,418 54,561 33,996 62% 38% 17,928 32,422 36% 64%
    76 65,951 65,596 49,075 33,503 59% 41% 16,877 32,094 34% 66%
    77 58,056 62,434 42,552 31,054 58% 42% 15,504 31,380 33% 67%
    78 51,914 61,382 37,519 30,185 55% 45% 14,395 31,196 32% 68%
    79 45,515 59,564 32,309 28,824 53% 47% 13,206 30,740 30% 70%
    80 40,450 58,501 28,517 28,150 50% 50% 11,934 30,351 28% 72%
    81 35,180 57,564 24,461 27,686 47% 53% 10,719 29,877 26% 74%
    82 30,304 55,590 20,878 26,786 44% 56% 9,426 28,804 25% 75%
    83 26,449 55,292 18,216 26,628 41% 59% 8,233 28,664 22% 78%
    84 22,285 53,765 15,215 25,784 37% 63% 7,070 27,981 20% 80%
    85 18,625 51,517 12,714 24,529 34% 66% 5,910 26,987 18% 82%
    86 15,619 50,513 10,595 24,165 30% 70% 5,025 26,348 16% 84%
    87 12,670 48,885 8,596 23,511 27% 73% 4,074 25,373 14% 86%
    88 10,114 46,302 6,931 22,082 24% 76% 3,182 24,220 12% 88%
    89 7,714 42,188 5,244 20,038 21% 79% 2,470 22,151 10% 90%
    90 5,545 37,577 3,725 17,593 17% 83% 1,819 19,984 8% 92%
    91 4,154 33,780 2,806 15,680 15% 85% 1,349 18,100 7% 93%
    92 2,864 29,258 1,966 13,314 13% 87% 897 15,944 5% 95%
    93 1,946 24,990 1,349 11,334 11% 89% 597 13,656 4% 96%
    94 1,301 20,851 902 9,402 9% 91% 399 11,449 3% 97%
    95 831 16,721 595 7,464 7% 93% 236 9,257 2% 98%
    96 540 13,030 372 5,786 6% 94% 168 7,244 2% 98%
    97 306 10,026 221 4,223 5% 95% 85 5,803 1% 99%
    98 166 7,018 117 2,885 4% 96% 48 4,133 1% 99%
    99 95 4,923 65 1,900 3% 97% 30 3,023 1% 99%
    100 45 2,988 35 1,069 3% 97% 10 1,919 0% 100%
    101 17 1,938 10 690 1% 99% 7 1,248 1% 99%
    102 11 1,242 6 390 1% 99% 5 852 1% 99%
    103 6 783 5 236 2% 98% 1 546 0% 100%
    104 4 495 3 150 2% 98% 1 345 0% 100%
    105+ 3 600 1 165 1% 99% 2 435 0% 100%
    Total 1,645,376 1,789,372 1,272,052 908,005 58% 42% 373,324 881,367 30% 70%
    Table 55 Graduated Mortality Rates and Ratios by Marital Status – Males (2019)
    Age Overall Married Ratio
    Married
    to
    Overall    		 Single Ratio
    Single
    to
    Overall    		 Ratio
    Single
    to
    Married
    65 12.0 8.0 0.67 21.4 1.79 2.68
    66 13.0 9.0 0.69 22.7 1.74 2.52
    67 14.1 10.1 0.71 24.1 1.71 2.40
    68 15.4 11.2 0.73 25.7 1.68 2.30
    69 16.7 12.4 0.75 27.6 1.65 2.22
    70 18.1 13.8 0.76 29.6 1.63 2.15
    71 19.7 15.2 0.77 31.9 1.62 2.10
    72 21.5 16.8 0.78 34.3 1.59 2.04
    73 23.5 18.6 0.79 36.9 1.57 1.98
    74 25.8 20.7 0.80 39.8 1.54 1.92
    75 28.4 23.0 0.81 42.9 1.51 1.86
    76 31.3 25.8 0.82 46.3 1.48 1.79
    77 34.7 28.9 0.83 50.0 1.44 1.73
    78 38.4 32.5 0.84 54.0 1.41 1.66
    79 42.7 36.5 0.86 58.5 1.37 1.60
    80 47.5 41.1 0.87 63.4 1.33 1.54
    81 52.9 46.3 0.87 68.8 1.30 1.49
    82 59.1 52.2 0.88 74.9 1.27 1.43
    83 66.2 59.0 0.89 81.9 1.24 1.39
    84 74.3 66.6 0.90 89.9 1.21 1.35
    85 83.6 75.3 0.90 99.1 1.19 1.32
    86 94.1 85.2 0.90 109.4 1.16 1.28
    87 106.0 96.2 0.91 121.0 1.14 1.26
    88 119.2 108.6 0.91 133.8 1.12 1.23
    89 133.8 122.4 0.91 147.8 1.11 1.21
    90 149.7 137.4 0.92 163.0 1.09 1.19
    91 166.8 153.8 0.92 179.4 1.08 1.17
    92 185.1 171.6 0.93 196.9 1.06 1.15
    93 204.3 190.8 0.93 215.1 1.05 1.13
    94 224.4 211.3 0.94 234.0 1.04 1.11
    95 245.0 232.8 0.95 253.4 1.03 1.09
    96 266.2 255.2 0.96 273.0 1.03 1.07
    97 287.6 278.4 0.97 293.6 1.02 1.05
    98 309.7 302.1 0.98 315.0 1.02 1.04
    99 332.5 326.3 0.98 337.1 1.01 1.03
    100 355.8 350.8 0.99 359.8 1.01 1.03
    101 379.4 375.5 0.99 382.9 1.01 1.02
    102 403.2 400.2 0.99 406.2 1.01 1.01
    103 427.1 424.9 0.99 429.6 1.01 1.01
    104 450.9 449.3 1.00 452.9 1.00 1.01
    105 474.4 473.4 1.00 476.1 1.00 1.01
    110 583.3 583.3 1.00 583.9 1.00 1.00
    115 664.6 664.6 1.00 664.6 1.00 1.00
    120 700.0 700.0 1.00 700.0 1.00 1.00
    Table 56 Graduated Mortality Rates and Ratios by Marital Status – Females (2019)
    Age Overall Married Ratio
    Married
    to Overall    		 Single Ratio
    Single
    to Overall    		 Ratio
    Single
    to Married
    65 7.2 5.5 0.76 10.3 1.42 1.88
    66 8.0 6.1 0.76 11.3 1.41 1.87
    67 8.8 6.7 0.76 12.4 1.40 1.85
    68 9.7 7.4 0.76 13.4 1.38 1.82
    69 10.7 8.1 0.76 14.5 1.36 1.78
    70 11.7 9.0 0.77 15.7 1.34 1.75
    71 12.9 9.9 0.77 17.0 1.32 1.71
    72 14.2 11.0 0.78 18.4 1.30 1.67
    73 15.6 12.2 0.78 19.9 1.28 1.63
    74 17.2 13.5 0.78 21.6 1.25 1.60
    75 19.0 15.0 0.79 23.5 1.23 1.57
    76 21.2 16.7 0.79 25.7 1.21 1.54
    77 23.6 18.6 0.79 28.1 1.19 1.51
    78 26.3 20.9 0.79 30.9 1.17 1.48
    79 29.4 23.4 0.80 34.0 1.15 1.45
    80 33.0 26.4 0.80 37.5 1.14 1.42
    81 37.0 29.8 0.81 41.4 1.12 1.39
    82 41.6 33.8 0.81 45.8 1.10 1.35
    83 46.8 38.5 0.82 50.8 1.09 1.32
    84 52.9 44.0 0.83 56.6 1.07 1.29
    85 59.8 50.4 0.84 63.2 1.06 1.25
    86 67.7 58.0 0.86 70.8 1.05 1.22
    87 76.9 66.8 0.87 79.6 1.04 1.19
    88 87.3 76.9 0.88 89.6 1.03 1.16
    89 99.0 88.4 0.89 100.9 1.02 1.14
    90 112.0 101.7 0.91 113.6 1.01 1.12
    91 126.4 116.7 0.92 127.6 1.01 1.09
    92 141.9 133.2 0.94 142.9 1.01 1.07
    93 158.7 151.1 0.95 159.4 1.00 1.05
    94 176.5 170.3 0.96 177.1 1.00 1.04
    95 195.4 190.6 0.98 195.8 1.00 1.03
    96 215.1 211.8 0.98 215.6 1.00 1.02
    97 235.6 234.0 0.99 236.2 1.00 1.01
    98 256.6 256.6 1.00 257.3 1.00 1.00
    99 278.0 278.0 1.00 278.8 1.00 1.00
    100 299.7 299.7 1.00 300.5 1.00 1.00
    101 321.5 321.5 1.00 322.2 1.00 1.00
    102 344.0 344.0 1.00 344.5 1.00 1.00
    103 366.9 366.9 1.00 367.3 1.00 1.00
    104 390.1 390.1 1.00 390.4 1.00 1.00
    105 413.3 413.3 1.00 413.6 1.00 1.00
    110 524.8 524.8 1.00 524.8 1.00 1.00
    115 611.3 611.3 1.00 611.3 1.00 1.00
    120 650.0 650.0 1.00 650.0 1.00 1.00
    Table 57 Life Table of OAS Married Beneficiaries (2019)
    Age Males Females
    lx 1,000 qx dx LifExp lx 1,000 qx dx LifExp
    65 100,000 8.0 797 20.73 100,000 5.5 549 23.52
    66 99,203 9.0 891 19.89 99,451 6.1 602 22.65
    67 98,312 10.1 989 19.06 98,849 6.7 660 21.78
    68 97,323 11.2 1,092 18.25 98,189 7.4 723 20.92
    69 96,232 12.4 1,198 17.45 97,466 8.1 793 20.07
    70 95,034 13.8 1,308 16.67 96,673 9.0 870 19.24
    71 93,726 15.2 1,424 15.89 95,803 9.9 953 18.41
    72 92,302 16.8 1,550 15.13 94,850 11.0 1,044 17.59
    73 90,752 18.6 1,689 14.38 93,807 12.2 1,143 16.78
    74 89,063 20.7 1,841 13.64 92,664 13.5 1,251 15.98
    75 87,222 23.0 2,010 12.92 91,413 15.0 1,371 15.19
    76 85,212 25.8 2,196 12.21 90,042 16.7 1,503 14.41
    77 83,016 28.9 2,399 11.52 88,539 18.6 1,650 13.65
    78 80,617 32.5 2,617 10.85 86,890 20.9 1,813 12.90
    79 78,000 36.5 2,848 10.20 85,077 23.4 1,993 12.16
    80 75,152 41.1 3,088 9.57 83,084 26.4 2,192 11.44
    81 72,064 46.3 3,337 8.96 80,893 29.8 2,411 10.74
    82 68,727 52.2 3,590 8.37 78,482 33.8 2,653 10.05
    83 65,137 59.0 3,841 7.80 75,829 38.5 2,917 9.39
    84 61,296 66.6 4,083 7.26 72,912 44.0 3,205 8.74
    85 57,213 75.3 4,309 6.74 69,707 50.4 3,514 8.12
    86 52,904 85.2 4,505 6.25 66,193 58.0 3,838 7.52
    87 48,399 96.2 4,658 5.78 62,355 66.8 4,165 6.96
    88 43,741 108.6 4,752 5.34 58,189 76.9 4,476 6.42
    89 38,989 122.4 4,770 4.93 53,713 88.4 4,748 5.91
    90 34,218 137.4 4,702 4.55 48,964 101.7 4,979 5.44
    91 29,516 153.8 4,540 4.20 43,985 116.7 5,132 5.00
    92 24,976 171.6 4,286 3.87 38,853 133.2 5,175 4.59
    93 20,690 190.8 3,947 3.57 33,678 151.1 5,089 4.22
    94 16,743 211.3 3,538 3.29 28,590 170.3 4,868 3.88
    95 13,205 232.8 3,075 3.04 23,721 190.6 4,521 3.58
    96 10,131 255.2 2,586 2.81 19,201 211.8 4,068 3.30
    97 7,545 278.4 2,100 2.61 15,133 234.0 3,540 3.05
    98 5,445 302.1 1,645 2.42 11,593 256.6 2,975 2.83
    99 3,800 326.3 1,240 2.25 8,618 278.0 2,396 2.64
    100 2,560 350.8 898 2.09 6,222 299.7 1,865 2.46
    101 1,662 375.5 624 1.95 4,357 321.5 1,401 2.30
    102 1,038 400.2 415 1.83 2,956 344.0 1,017 2.15
    103 623 424.9 265 1.71 1,939 366.9 712 2.01
    104 358 449.3 161 1.61 1,228 390.1 479 1.89
    105 197 473.4 93 1.52 749 413.3 310 1.77
    110 5 583.3 3 1.18 34 524.8 18 1.35
    115 0 664.6 0 0.99 1 611.3 0 1.12
    120 0 700.0 0 0.80 0 650.0 0 0.85
    Table 58 Life Table of OAS Single Beneficiaries (2019)
    Age Males Females
    lx 1,000 qx dx LifExp lx 1,000 qx dx LifExp
    65 100,000 21.4 2,138 16.79 100,000 10.3 1,032 21.13
    66 97,862 22.7 2,218 16.14 98,968 11.3 1,121 20.35
    67 95,644 24.1 2,307 15.51 97,848 12.4 1,209 19.57
    68 93,337 25.7 2,403 14.88 96,639 13.4 1,296 18.81
    69 90,934 27.6 2,508 14.26 95,343 14.5 1,384 18.06
    70 88,425 29.6 2,620 13.65 93,959 15.7 1,475 17.32
    71 85,805 31.9 2,735 13.05 92,483 17.0 1,571 16.59
    72 83,070 34.3 2,850 12.46 90,913 18.4 1,670 15.87
    73 80,220 36.9 2,962 11.89 89,242 19.9 1,775 15.15
    74 77,258 39.8 3,072 11.32 87,467 21.6 1,887 14.45
    75 74,186 42.9 3,180 10.77 85,580 23.5 2,010 13.76
    76 71,006 46.3 3,285 10.23 83,570 25.7 2,144 13.08
    77 67,722 50.0 3,385 9.70 81,425 28.1 2,290 12.41
    78 64,337 54.0 3,477 9.19 79,135 30.9 2,445 11.75
    79 60,860 58.5 3,559 8.68 76,690 34.0 2,607 11.11
    80 57,301 63.4 3,630 8.19 74,083 37.5 2,775 10.48
    81 53,671 68.8 3,691 7.71 71,309 41.4 2,949 9.87
    82 49,979 74.9 3,744 7.24 68,359 45.8 3,130 9.28
    83 46,236 81.9 3,786 6.79 65,229 50.8 3,316 8.70
    84 42,449 89.9 3,816 6.35 61,913 56.6 3,504 8.14
    85 38,633 99.1 3,827 5.93 58,409 63.2 3,692 7.60
    86 34,806 109.4 3,808 5.53 54,717 70.8 3,874 7.08
    87 30,997 121.0 3,750 5.14 50,843 79.6 4,045 6.58
    88 27,247 133.8 3,645 4.78 46,798 89.6 4,192 6.10
    89 23,602 147.8 3,489 4.44 42,606 100.9 4,300 5.65
    90 20,113 163.0 3,279 4.13 38,306 113.6 4,352 5.23
    91 16,834 179.4 3,021 3.84 33,954 127.6 4,333 4.84
    92 13,813 196.9 2,719 3.57 29,622 142.9 4,232 4.47
    93 11,094 215.1 2,387 3.32 25,390 159.4 4,046 4.13
    94 8,707 234.0 2,038 3.09 21,343 177.1 3,779 3.82
    95 6,669 253.4 1,690 2.88 17,564 195.8 3,440 3.54
    96 4,979 273.0 1,359 2.69 14,125 215.6 3,045 3.28
    97 3,620 293.6 1,063 2.51 11,079 236.2 2,616 3.04
    98 2,557 315.0 806 2.34 8,463 257.3 2,178 2.82
    99 1,752 337.1 591 2.19 6,285 278.8 1,752 2.63
    100 1,161 359.8 418 2.05 4,533 300.5 1,362 2.45
    101 743 382.9 285 1.92 3,171 322.2 1,021 2.29
    102 459 406.2 186 1.81 2,149 344.5 740 2.15
    103 272 429.6 117 1.70 1,409 367.3 517 2.01
    104 155 452.9 70 1.60 891 390.4 348 1.89
    105 85 476.1 40 1.51 543 413.6 225 1.77
    110 2 583.9 1 1.18 25 524.8 13 1.35
    115 0 664.6 0 0.99 0 611.3 0 1.12
    120 0 700.0 0 0.80 0 650.0 0 0.85
    Table 59 Male Graduated Mortality Rates by Age, Marital Status and Type of Benefit (2019)
    Age Overall without GIS with GIS
    Married Ratio
    Married
    to
    Overall    		 Single Ratio
    Single
    to
    Overall    		 Married Ratio
    Married
    to
    Overall    		 Single Ratio
    Single
    to
    Overall
    65 12.0 7.6 0.64 16.6 1.39 9.9 0.83 29.4 2.46
    66 13.0 8.4 0.65 17.4 1.34 11.7 0.90 30.4 2.34
    67 14.1 9.3 0.66 18.4 1.30 13.3 0.94 31.7 2.25
    68 15.4 10.3 0.67 19.5 1.27 15.0 0.97 33.4 2.18
    69 16.7 11.4 0.68 20.8 1.25 16.6 0.99 35.5 2.13
    70 18.1 12.6 0.69 22.4 1.24 18.3 1.01 37.9 2.09
    71 19.7 13.9 0.70 24.3 1.23 20.2 1.03 40.6 2.05
    72 21.5 15.3 0.71 26.6 1.24 22.4 1.04 43.2 2.01
    73 23.5 16.8 0.72 29.1 1.24 24.9 1.06 45.9 1.95
    74 25.8 18.7 0.72 32.0 1.24 27.5 1.07 48.8 1.89
    75 28.4 20.8 0.73 35.1 1.24 30.3 1.07 51.8 1.83
    76 31.3 23.3 0.74 38.5 1.23 33.3 1.06 55.3 1.77
    77 34.7 26.3 0.76 42.1 1.22 36.5 1.05 59.2 1.71
    78 38.4 29.7 0.77 46.0 1.20 40.0 1.04 63.5 1.65
    79 42.7 33.7 0.79 50.3 1.18 43.9 1.03 68.1 1.60
    80 47.5 38.2 0.81 55.2 1.16 48.2 1.02 73.2 1.54
    81 52.9 43.5 0.82 60.6 1.15 53.2 1.00 78.9 1.49
    82 59.1 49.4 0.84 66.9 1.13 58.7 0.99 85.1 1.44
    83 66.2 56.3 0.85 74.1 1.12 65.0 0.98 92.1 1.39
    84 74.3 64.1 0.86 82.5 1.11 72.2 0.97 100.0 1.35
    85 83.6 72.9 0.87 92.1 1.10 80.4 0.96 108.9 1.30
    86 94.1 82.9 0.88 102.9 1.09 89.8 0.95 118.9 1.26
    87 106.0 94.1 0.89 115.0 1.09 100.6 0.95 129.9 1.23
    88 119.2 106.6 0.89 128.3 1.08 112.8 0.95 142.0 1.19
    89 133.8 120.3 0.90 142.9 1.07 126.3 0.94 155.2 1.16
    90 149.7 135.4 0.90 158.7 1.06 141.2 0.94 169.5 1.13
    91 166.8 151.8 0.91 175.6 1.05 157.4 0.94 184.8 1.11
    92 185.1 169.7 0.92 193.7 1.05 174.9 0.95 201.0 1.09
    93 204.3 188.9 0.92 212.9 1.04 193.7 0.95 218.1 1.07
    94 224.4 209.3 0.93 233.1 1.04 213.8 0.95 235.9 1.05
    95 245.0 230.8 0.94 254.1 1.04 235.4 0.96 254.4 1.04
    96 266.2 253.1 0.95 275.9 1.04 258.5 0.97 273.3 1.03
    97 287.6 276.2 0.96 298.4 1.04 282.2 0.98 293.3 1.02
    98 309.7 299.9 0.97 321.3 1.04 306.4 0.99 314.2 1.01
    99 332.5 324.1 0.97 344.6 1.04 330.9 1.00 336.0 1.01
    100 355.8 348.6 0.98 368.2 1.03 355.6 1.00 358.3 1.01
    101 379.4 373.3 0.98 391.9 1.03 379.4 1.00 381.1 1.00
    102 403.2 398.2 0.99 415.6 1.03 403.2 1.00 404.2 1.00
    103 427.1 422.9 0.99 439.2 1.03 427.1 1.00 427.5 1.00
    104 450.9 447.4 0.99 462.5 1.03 450.9 1.00 450.9 1.00
    105 474.4 471.6 0.99 485.4 1.02 474.4 1.00 474.4 1.00
    110 583.3 582.7 1.00 590.2 1.01 583.3 1.00 583.3 1.00
    115 664.6 664.6 1.00 666.9 1.00 664.6 1.00 664.6 1.00
    120 700.0 700.0 1.00 700.0 1.00 700.0 1.00 700.0 1.00
    Table 60 Female Graduated Mortality Rates by Age, Marital Status and Type of Benefit (2019)
    Age Overall without GIS with GIS
    Married Ratio
    Married
    to
    Overall    		 Single Ratio
    Single
    to
    Overall    		 Married Ratio Married to Overall Single Ratio Single to Overall
    65 7.2 5.1 0.70 7.7 1.06 7.8 1.08 14.7 2.02
    66 8.0 5.5 0.68 8.4 1.05 8.9 1.11 15.6 1.95
    67 8.8 6.0 0.67 9.1 1.04 9.8 1.11 16.6 1.88
    68 9.7 6.6 0.68 9.9 1.02 10.7 1.10 17.6 1.82
    69 10.7 7.3 0.68 10.8 1.01 11.5 1.08 18.8 1.77
    70 11.7 8.1 0.69 11.7 1.00 12.3 1.05 20.1 1.72
    71 12.9 9.0 0.70 12.8 0.99 13.2 1.03 21.6 1.68
    72 14.2 10.1 0.71 13.9 0.98 14.3 1.01 23.1 1.63
    73 15.6 11.2 0.72 15.3 0.98 15.6 1.00 24.8 1.59
    74 17.2 12.4 0.72 16.8 0.98 17.1 0.99 26.6 1.54
    75 19.0 13.7 0.72 18.6 0.98 18.9 0.99 28.5 1.50
    76 21.2 15.2 0.72 20.7 0.98 21.0 0.99 30.7 1.45
    77 23.6 16.9 0.72 23.2 0.98 23.3 0.99 33.0 1.40
    78 26.3 18.9 0.72 26.1 0.99 25.9 0.98 35.6 1.35
    79 29.4 21.2 0.72 29.3 1.00 28.8 0.98 38.5 1.31
    80 33.0 23.9 0.73 32.9 1.00 32.3 0.98 41.7 1.26
    81 37.0 27.1 0.73 37.0 1.00 36.2 0.98 45.3 1.23
    82 41.6 30.8 0.74 41.6 1.00 40.7 0.98 49.6 1.19
    83 46.8 35.2 0.75 46.6 1.00 45.9 0.98 54.7 1.17
    84 52.9 40.4 0.76 52.2 0.99 51.9 0.98 60.6 1.15
    85 59.8 46.5 0.78 58.4 0.98 58.8 0.98 67.6 1.13
    86 67.7 53.9 0.80 65.5 0.97 66.7 0.98 75.6 1.12
    87 76.9 62.4 0.81 73.9 0.96 75.6 0.98 84.8 1.10
    88 87.3 72.4 0.83 83.7 0.96 85.6 0.98 95.0 1.09
    89 99.0 83.8 0.85 95.1 0.96 96.7 0.98 106.2 1.07
    90 112.0 97.1 0.87 108.3 0.97 109.6 0.98 118.4 1.06
    91 126.4 112.0 0.89 123.0 0.97 124.2 0.98 131.6 1.04
    92 141.9 128.6 0.91 139.2 0.98 140.3 0.99 145.9 1.03
    93 158.7 146.5 0.92 156.7 0.99 157.8 0.99 161.4 1.02
    94 176.5 165.8 0.94 175.4 0.99 176.6 1.00 178.1 1.01
    95 195.4 186.2 0.95 195.0 1.00 195.9 1.00 196.2 1.00
    96 215.1 207.6 0.97 215.4 1.00 215.2 1.00 215.5 1.00
    97 235.6 229.8 0.98 236.5 1.00 235.6 1.00 235.8 1.00
    98 256.6 252.8 0.99 258.0 1.01 256.6 1.00 257.0 1.00
    99 278.0 276.4 0.99 279.9 1.01 278.1 1.00 278.7 1.00
    100 299.7 299.7 1.00 301.9 1.01 300.0 1.00 300.7 1.00
    101 321.5 321.5 1.00 324.0 1.01 322.0 1.00 322.7 1.00
    102 344.0 344.0 1.00 346.6 1.01 344.7 1.00 345.3 1.00
    103 366.9 366.9 1.00 369.6 1.01 367.7 1.00 368.4 1.00
    104 390.1 390.1 1.00 392.9 1.01 391.0 1.00 391.6 1.00
    105 413.3 413.3 1.00 416.1 1.01 414.3 1.00 415.0 1.00
    110 524.8 524.8 1.00 526.8 1.00 525.6 1.00 526.0 1.00
    115 611.3 611.3 1.00 612.0 1.00 611.6 1.00 611.8 1.00
    120 650.0 650.0 1.00 650.0 1.00 650.0 1.00 650.0 1.00
    Table 61 Life Table of OAS Married Beneficiaries without GIS (2019)
    Age Males Females
    lx 1,000 qx dx LifExp lx 1,000 qx dx LifExp
    65 100,000 7.6 764 21.15 100,000 5.1 510 24.04
    66 99,236 8.4 835 20.31 99,490 5.5 545 23.16
    67 98,400 9.3 916 19.47 98,945 6.0 589 22.29
    68 97,484 10.3 1,005 18.65 98,356 6.6 644 21.42
    69 96,479 11.4 1,101 17.84 97,711 7.3 711 20.56
    70 95,377 12.6 1,202 17.04 97,001 8.1 787 19.70
    71 94,175 13.9 1,306 16.25 96,214 9.0 870 18.86
    72 92,869 15.3 1,417 15.47 95,344 10.1 959 18.03
    73 91,452 16.8 1,540 14.71 94,385 11.2 1,053 17.21
    74 89,912 18.7 1,677 13.95 93,331 12.4 1,153 16.40
    75 88,235 20.8 1,834 13.21 92,178 13.7 1,262 15.59
    76 86,401 23.3 2,015 12.48 90,917 15.2 1,381 14.80
    77 84,386 26.3 2,218 11.76 89,536 16.9 1,515 14.02
    78 82,168 29.7 2,443 11.07 88,021 18.9 1,665 13.26
    79 79,725 33.7 2,686 10.39 86,356 21.2 1,833 12.50
    80 77,039 38.2 2,946 9.73 84,522 23.9 2,021 11.76
    81 74,093 43.5 3,220 9.10 82,501 27.1 2,233 11.04
    82 70,873 49.4 3,504 8.49 80,268 30.8 2,470 10.33
    83 67,369 56.3 3,792 7.91 77,799 35.2 2,735 9.64
    84 63,577 64.1 4,075 7.35 75,064 40.4 3,029 8.98
    85 59,502 72.9 4,340 6.82 72,035 46.5 3,352 8.33
    86 55,162 82.9 4,575 6.31 68,683 53.9 3,699 7.72
    87 50,587 94.1 4,761 5.84 64,984 62.4 4,058 7.13
    88 45,826 106.6 4,883 5.40 60,926 72.4 4,412 6.57
    89 40,943 120.3 4,925 4.98 56,514 83.8 4,736 6.04
    90 36,018 135.4 4,876 4.59 51,778 97.1 5,026 5.55
    91 31,142 151.8 4,728 4.23 46,752 112.0 5,238 5.09
    92 26,414 169.7 4,483 3.90 41,514 128.6 5,337 4.67
    93 21,931 188.9 4,144 3.60 36,177 146.5 5,301 4.29
    94 17,787 209.3 3,723 3.32 30,876 165.8 5,119 3.94
    95 14,063 230.8 3,245 3.06 25,757 186.2 4,796 3.62
    96 10,818 253.1 2,738 2.83 20,961 207.6 4,351 3.33
    97 8,080 276.2 2,231 2.62 16,610 229.8 3,818 3.08
    98 5,849 299.9 1,754 2.43 12,792 252.8 3,234 2.85
    99 4,095 324.1 1,327 2.26 9,558 276.4 2,641 2.64
    100 2,768 348.6 965 2.11 6,917 299.7 2,073 2.46
    101 1,803 373.3 673 1.97 4,844 321.5 1,557 2.30
    102 1,130 398.2 450 1.84 3,286 344.0 1,130 2.15
    103 680 422.9 288 1.72 2,156 366.9 791 2.01
    104 392 447.4 176 1.62 1,365 390.1 532 1.89
    105 217 471.6 102 1.53 833 413.3 344 1.77
    110 6 582.7 3 1.18 38 524.8 20 1.35
    115 0 664.6 0 0.99 1 611.3 0 1.12
    120 0 700.0 0 0.80 0 650.0 0 0.85
    Table 62 Life Table of OAS Married Beneficiaries with GIS (2019)
    Age Males Females
    lx 1,000 qx dx LifExp lx 1,000 qx dx LifExp
    65 100,000 9.9 994 19.49 100,000 7.8 779 22.19
    66 99,006 11.7 1,155 18.68 99,221 8.9 880 21.36
    67 97,851 13.3 1,304 17.89 98,341 9.8 967 20.55
    68 96,547 15.0 1,444 17.13 97,374 10.7 1,043 19.75
    69 95,103 16.6 1,578 16.38 96,331 11.5 1,110 18.96
    70 93,526 18.3 1,713 15.65 95,221 12.3 1,174 18.17
    71 91,813 20.2 1,859 14.93 94,047 13.2 1,242 17.39
    72 89,954 22.4 2,019 14.23 92,805 14.3 1,324 16.62
    73 87,935 24.9 2,189 13.54 91,481 15.6 1,423 15.85
    74 85,746 27.5 2,362 12.88 90,058 17.1 1,541 15.10
    75 83,384 30.3 2,531 12.23 88,517 18.9 1,674 14.35
    76 80,854 33.3 2,694 11.59 86,842 21.0 1,820 13.62
    77 78,160 36.5 2,853 10.98 85,022 23.3 1,978 12.90
    78 75,307 40.0 3,011 10.37 83,044 25.9 2,149 12.19
    79 72,296 43.9 3,172 9.78 80,895 28.8 2,333 11.50
    80 69,124 48.2 3,334 9.21 78,562 32.3 2,534 10.83
    81 65,790 53.2 3,497 8.65 76,028 36.2 2,751 10.17
    82 62,293 58.7 3,658 8.11 73,278 40.7 2,983 9.54
    83 58,635 65.0 3,814 7.58 70,294 45.9 3,228 8.92
    84 54,821 72.2 3,960 7.08 67,067 51.9 3,481 8.33
    85 50,862 80.4 4,091 6.59 63,586 58.8 3,738 7.75
    86 46,771 89.8 4,202 6.12 59,847 66.7 3,990 7.21
    87 42,569 100.6 4,282 5.67 55,857 75.6 4,222 6.69
    88 38,287 112.8 4,317 5.25 51,635 85.6 4,420 6.19
    89 33,970 126.3 4,292 4.86 47,215 96.7 4,564 5.73
    90 29,678 141.2 4,192 4.49 42,651 109.6 4,673 5.28
    91 25,486 157.4 4,013 4.14 37,977 124.2 4,715 4.87
    92 21,474 174.9 3,756 3.82 33,262 140.3 4,666 4.49
    93 17,718 193.7 3,432 3.53 28,597 157.8 4,512 4.14
    94 14,286 213.8 3,055 3.26 24,084 176.6 4,253 3.83
    95 11,231 235.4 2,644 3.01 19,831 195.9 3,886 3.54
    96 8,587 258.5 2,220 2.78 15,945 215.2 3,431 3.28
    97 6,367 282.2 1,797 2.57 12,514 235.6 2,948 3.04
    98 4,570 306.4 1,400 2.39 9,566 256.6 2,455 2.83
    99 3,170 330.9 1,049 2.22 7,112 278.1 1,978 2.63
    100 2,121 355.6 754 2.07 5,134 300.0 1,540 2.45
    101 1,367 379.4 519 1.94 3,594 322.0 1,157 2.29
    102 848 403.2 342 1.82 2,436 344.7 840 2.14
    103 506 427.1 216 1.71 1,597 367.7 587 2.01
    104 290 450.9 131 1.61 1,010 391.0 395 1.88
    105 159 474.4 76 1.52 615 414.3 255 1.77
    110 4 583.3 2 1.18 28 525.6 15 1.35
    115 0 664.6 0 0.99 0 611.6 0 1.12
    120 0 700.0 0 0.80 0 650.0 0 0.85
    Table 63 Life Table of OAS Single Beneficiaries without GIS (2019)
    Age Males Females
    lx 1,000 qx dx LifExp lx 1,000 qx dx LifExp
    65 100,000 16.6 1,663 18.14 100,000 7.7 770 22.29
    66 98,337 17.4 1,711 17.43 99,230 8.4 834 21.45
    67 96,626 18.4 1,773 16.73 98,396 9.1 900 20.63
    68 94,853 19.5 1,848 16.04 97,496 9.9 969 19.82
    69 93,005 20.8 1,938 15.35 96,527 10.8 1,042 19.01
    70 91,067 22.4 2,044 14.66 95,485 11.7 1,120 18.21
    71 89,024 24.3 2,167 13.99 94,365 12.8 1,206 17.42
    72 86,857 26.6 2,309 13.32 93,159 13.9 1,299 16.64
    73 84,548 29.1 2,464 12.67 91,860 15.3 1,402 15.87
    74 82,084 32.0 2,627 12.04 90,458 16.8 1,520 15.11
    75 79,456 35.1 2,793 11.42 88,939 18.6 1,655 14.36
    76 76,664 38.5 2,953 10.82 87,284 20.7 1,810 13.62
    77 73,710 42.1 3,106 10.23 85,474 23.2 1,984 12.90
    78 70,605 46.0 3,251 9.66 83,490 26.1 2,176 12.19
    79 67,354 50.3 3,391 9.10 81,315 29.3 2,382 11.51
    80 63,962 55.2 3,529 8.56 78,933 32.9 2,600 10.84
    81 60,434 60.6 3,664 8.03 76,333 37.0 2,828 10.19
    82 56,769 66.9 3,798 7.51 73,505 41.6 3,058 9.56
    83 52,971 74.1 3,927 7.02 70,448 46.6 3,284 8.96
    84 49,044 82.5 4,047 6.54 67,164 52.2 3,503 8.37
    85 44,997 92.1 4,144 6.08 63,661 58.4 3,716 7.80
    86 40,853 102.9 4,205 5.65 59,944 65.5 3,928 7.26
    87 36,648 115.0 4,215 5.24 56,016 73.9 4,138 6.73
    88 32,433 128.3 4,162 4.86 51,878 83.7 4,341 6.23
    89 28,271 142.9 4,039 4.50 47,537 95.1 4,522 5.75
    90 24,232 158.7 3,845 4.16 43,015 108.3 4,657 5.30
    91 20,387 175.6 3,581 3.85 38,357 123.0 4,718 4.89
    92 16,806 193.7 3,255 3.57 33,639 139.2 4,683 4.50
    93 13,551 212.9 2,885 3.31 28,956 156.7 4,539 4.15
    94 10,666 233.1 2,486 3.06 24,417 175.4 4,283 3.83
    95 8,180 254.1 2,079 2.84 20,134 195.0 3,926 3.53
    96 6,101 275.9 1,684 2.64 16,208 215.4 3,492 3.27
    97 4,418 298.4 1,318 2.46 12,716 236.5 3,007 3.03
    98 3,100 321.3 996 2.29 9,709 258.0 2,505 2.81
    99 2,104 344.6 725 2.14 7,204 279.9 2,016 2.62
    100 1,379 368.2 508 2.00 5,188 301.9 1,566 2.44
    101 871 391.9 341 1.87 3,622 324.0 1,173 2.28
    102 530 415.6 220 1.76 2,448 346.6 849 2.13
    103 310 439.2 136 1.66 1,600 369.6 591 2.00
    104 174 462.5 80 1.56 1,008 392.9 396 1.87
    105 93 485.4 45 1.48 612 416.1 255 1.76
    110 2 590.2 1 1.16 27 526.8 14 1.35
    115 0 666.9 0 0.99 0 612.0 0 1.12
    120 0 700.0 0 0.80 0 650.0 0 0.85
    Table 64 Life Table of OAS Single Beneficiaries with GIS (2019)
    Age Males Females
    lx 1,000 qx dx LifExp lx 1,000 qx dx LifExp
    65 100,000 29.4 2,942 15.29 100,000 14.7 1,466 19.96
    66 97,058 30.4 2,950 14.74 98,534 15.6 1,535 19.25
    67 94,108 31.7 2,986 14.18 96,999 16.6 1,607 18.55
    68 91,122 33.4 3,048 13.63 95,392 17.6 1,683 17.85
    69 88,075 35.5 3,129 13.09 93,709 18.8 1,765 17.16
    70 84,945 37.9 3,223 12.55 91,944 20.1 1,851 16.48
    71 81,722 40.6 3,314 12.03 90,093 21.6 1,944 15.81
    72 78,408 43.2 3,390 11.51 88,149 23.1 2,039 15.15
    73 75,018 45.9 3,446 11.01 86,110 24.8 2,135 14.50
    74 71,572 48.8 3,490 10.52 83,975 26.6 2,232 13.85
    75 68,082 51.8 3,530 10.03 81,743 28.5 2,331 13.22
    76 64,552 55.3 3,570 9.55 79,411 30.7 2,434 12.59
    77 60,982 59.2 3,609 9.08 76,977 33.0 2,541 11.97
    78 57,374 63.5 3,641 8.62 74,436 35.6 2,651 11.36
    79 53,733 68.1 3,662 8.17 71,786 38.5 2,762 10.76
    80 50,071 73.2 3,668 7.73 69,023 41.7 2,877 10.17
    81 46,403 78.9 3,659 7.30 66,146 45.3 2,999 9.60
    82 42,744 85.1 3,637 6.88 63,147 49.6 3,133 9.03
    83 39,108 92.1 3,601 6.48 60,013 54.7 3,281 8.47
    84 35,507 100.0 3,550 6.08 56,732 60.6 3,440 7.93
    85 31,957 108.9 3,480 5.71 53,293 67.6 3,602 7.41
    86 28,478 118.9 3,385 5.34 49,690 75.6 3,758 6.92
    87 25,093 129.9 3,260 4.99 45,932 84.8 3,894 6.44
    88 21,833 142.0 3,101 4.67 42,038 95.0 3,992 5.99
    89 18,732 155.2 2,908 4.36 38,046 106.2 4,040 5.57
    90 15,824 169.5 2,682 4.06 34,006 118.4 4,026 5.17
    91 13,141 184.8 2,428 3.79 29,980 131.6 3,945 4.80
    92 10,713 201.0 2,153 3.54 26,035 145.9 3,798 4.45
    93 8,560 218.1 1,867 3.30 22,237 161.4 3,589 4.12
    94 6,693 235.9 1,579 3.08 18,648 178.1 3,322 3.82
    95 5,114 254.4 1,301 2.88 15,326 196.2 3,007 3.54
    96 3,813 273.3 1,042 2.69 12,319 215.5 2,655 3.28
    97 2,771 293.3 813 2.52 9,665 235.8 2,279 3.04
    98 1,958 314.2 615 2.35 7,386 257.0 1,898 2.82
    99 1,343 336.0 451 2.20 5,488 278.7 1,529 2.63
    100 892 358.3 320 2.06 3,958 300.7 1,190 2.45
    101 572 381.1 218 1.93 2,768 322.7 893 2.29
    102 354 404.2 143 1.81 1,875 345.3 647 2.14
    103 211 427.5 90 1.71 1,227 368.4 452 2.00
    104 121 450.9 54 1.61 775 391.6 304 1.88
    105 66 474.4 31 1.52 472 415.0 196 1.77
    110 2 583.3 1 1.18 21 526.0 11 1.35
    115 0 664.6 0 0.99 0 611.8 0 1.12
    120 0 700.0 0 0.80 0 650.0 0 0.85
    Table 65 OAS Beneficiaries by Place of Birth (2019)
    Age Males Females
    Born in Canada Born Outside Canada Proportion Born Outside Canada Born in Canada Born Outside Canada Proportion Born Outside Canada
    65 160,474 25,417 14% 170,283 31,843 16%
    66 156,415 30,866 16% 166,472 38,781 19%
    67 148,172 35,157 19% 158,447 41,747 21%
    68 141,940 35,712 20% 152,380 41,981 22%
    69 137,479 37,276 21% 147,772 43,260 23%
    70 132,856 41,306 24% 142,753 46,873 25%
    71 122,791 47,617 28% 134,073 51,551 28%
    72 124,577 48,775 28% 135,927 52,512 28%
    73 109,716 45,293 29% 120,354 49,332 29%
    74 93,624 37,743 29% 103,282 41,278 29%
    75 87,632 37,993 30% 98,159 41,452 30%
    76 84,758 34,497 29% 96,166 37,699 28%
    77 77,007 32,083 29% 88,240 35,861 29%
    78 68,002 29,303 30% 80,338 32,930 29%
    79 61,200 28,618 32% 73,740 33,512 31%
    80 55,146 26,812 33% 67,759 31,817 32%
    81 50,454 25,404 33% 63,813 30,077 32%
    82 44,668 23,238 34% 58,149 28,478 33%
    83 41,353 21,802 35% 55,165 26,466 32%
    84 36,939 19,853 35% 51,951 24,423 32%
    85 32,989 17,733 35% 48,173 22,523 32%
    86 29,538 15,999 35% 44,673 20,405 31%
    87 26,822 14,355 35% 42,960 18,624 30%
    88 23,454 12,218 34% 39,401 16,736 30%
    89 19,641 10,991 36% 35,264 15,544 31%
    90 15,286 8,787 37% 29,895 13,177 31%
    91 12,529 7,123 36% 25,795 11,791 31%
    92 9,699 5,743 37% 21,950 10,418 32%
    93 7,377 4,394 37% 17,937 8,852 33%
    94 5,549 3,317 37% 14,812 7,340 33%
    95 4,001 2,399 37% 11,949 5,813 33%
    96 2,688 1,734 39% 9,116 4,413 33%
    97 1,939 1,164 38% 7,192 3,196 31%
    98 1,216 784 39% 5,152 2,178 30%
    99 784 506 39% 3,621 1,600 31%
    100 443 251 36% 2,213 872 28%
    101 255 154 38% 1,502 535 26%
    102 145 80 36% 922 289 24%
    103 65 64 50% 549 226 29%
    104 41 42 51% 368 141 28%
     105+ 35 61 64% 377 217 37%
    Total 2,129,699 772,664 27% 2,529,044 926,763 27%
    Table 66 OAS Beneficiaries Deaths by Place of Birth (2019)
    Age Males Females
    Born in Canada Born Outside Canada Proportion Born Outside Canada Born in Canada Born Outside Canada Proportion Born Outside Canada
    65 2,068 220 10% 1,294 159 11%
    66 2,232 311 12% 1,487 232 13%
    67 2,251 357 14% 1,509 255 14%
    68 2,353 417 15% 1,613 269 14%
    69 2,517 461 15% 1,769 309 15%
    70 2,611 616 19% 1,787 394 18%
    71 2,707 718 21% 1,956 467 19%
    72 2,872 834 23% 2,181 541 20%
    73 2,765 722 21% 1,950 521 21%
    74 2,647 827 24% 1,983 527 21%
    75 2,703 769 22% 2,029 628 24%
    76 2,903 843 23% 2,172 590 21%
    77 2,889 867 23% 2,256 588 21%
    78 2,919 878 23% 2,424 700 22%
    79 2,835 1,034 27% 2,354 796 25%
    80 2,911 1,078 27% 2,525 758 23%
    81 2,901 1,135 28% 2,587 867 25%
    82 2,946 1,200 29% 2,723 973 26%
    83 3,006 1,323 31% 2,919 1,031 26%
    84 3,053 1,230 29% 3,059 1,158 27%
    85 3,043 1,353 31% 3,117 1,147 27%
    86 3,196 1,388 30% 3,420 1,241 27%
    87 3,120 1,354 30% 3,602 1,216 25%
    88 3,211 1,403 30% 3,692 1,420 28%
    89 2,873 1,349 32% 3,745 1,429 28%
    90 2,622 1,221 32% 3,779 1,450 28%
    91 2,383 1,198 33% 3,640 1,489 29%
    92 1,985 1,042 34% 3,428 1,524 31%
    93 1,780 945 35% 3,198 1,404 31%
    94 1,448 736 34% 2,975 1,333 31%
    95 1,134 640 36% 2,635 1,128 30%
    96 890 511 36% 2,260 991 30%
    97 674 378 36% 2,016 771 28%
    98 472 271 36% 1545 618 29%
    99 327 181 36% 1158 510 31%
    100 171 91 35% 858 284 25%
    101 143 68 32% 530 189 26%
    102 81 30 27% 406 127 24%
    103 51 21 29% 281 89 24%
    104 22 24 52% 169 73 30%
    105+ 24 28 54% 218 114 34%
    Total 83,739 30,072 26% 89,249 30,310 25%
    Table 67 OAS Beneficiaries Exposures by Place of Birth (2019)
    Age Males Females
    Born in Canada Born Outside Canada Proportion Born Outside Canada Born in Canada Born Outside Canada Proportion Born Outside Canada
    65 162,644 29,542 15% 168,604 36,462 18%
    66 158,488 33,572 17% 165,971 40,911 20%
    67 147,751 36,209 20% 157,124 42,221 21%
    68 142,601 36,866 21% 152,066 43,033 22%
    69 138,040 38,665 22% 147,177 44,437 23%
    70 129,316 45,514 26% 139,451 50,096 26%
    71 124,403 48,779 28% 135,240 52,200 28%
    72 122,137 48,788 29% 132,830 52,631 28%
    73 102,408 41,952 29% 112,260 45,576 29%
    74 92,181 38,537 29% 101,647 41,916 29%
    75 87,757 37,288 30% 98,385 40,522 29%
    76 83,210 33,983 29% 94,148 37,400 28%
    77 74,067 31,415 30% 85,585 34,906 29%
    78 67,079 29,493 31% 79,540 33,755 30%
    79 59,244 28,608 33% 71,481 33,599 32%
    80 54,642 26,891 33% 67,368 31,583 32%
    81 49,282 25,199 34% 62,609 30,135 32%
    82 44,230 23,310 35% 57,634 28,261 33%
    83 40,971 21,697 35% 55,430 26,312 32%
    84 36,527 19,660 35% 51,590 24,460 32%
    85 32,681 17,865 35% 47,803 22,339 32%
    86 29,973 15,969 35% 45,621 20,512 31%
    87 26,657 14,155 35% 43,074 18,481 30%
    88 23,130 12,457 35% 39,215 17,201 30%
    89 18,980 10,764 36% 34,610 15,291 31%
    90 15,104 8,665 36% 29,677 13,445 31%
    91 12,346 7,162 37% 25,888 12,046 32%
    92 9,464 5,653 37% 21,533 10,590 33%
    93 7,240 4,391 38% 17,957 8,979 33%
    94 5,462 3,257 37% 14,850 7,302 33%
    95 3,880 2,404 38% 11,744 5,808 33%
    96 2,659 1,728 39% 9,213 4,356 32%
    97 1,908 1,176 38% 7,198 3,134 30%
    98 1,174 806 41% 5,000 2,184 30%
    99 763 482 39% 3,501 1,517 30%
    100 412 234 36% 2,192 840 28%
    101 256 156 38% 1,435 520 27%
    102 130 86 40% 927 325 26%
    103 71 68 49% 555 234 30%
    104 38 51 57% 347 152 30%
    105+ 36 71 67% 367 236 39%
    Total 2,109,343 783,567 27% 2,498,842 935,907 27%
    Table 68 Graduated Mortality Rates and Ratios by Place of Birth (2019)
    Age Males Females
    Overall Born in Canada Ratio Born in Canada to Overall Born Outside Canada Ratio Born Outside Canada to Overall Overall Born in Canada Ratio Born in Canada to Overall Born Outside Canada Ratio Born Outside Canada to Overall
    65 12.0 12.7 1.06 7.8 0.65 7.2 7.8 1.07 4.8 0.66
    66 13.0 13.9 1.07 8.8 0.68 8.0 8.7 1.08 5.2 0.65
    67 14.1 15.1 1.07 9.9 0.70 8.8 9.6 1.09 5.8 0.65
    68 15.4 16.5 1.08 11.1 0.72 9.7 10.7 1.10 6.4 0.66
    69 16.7 18.0 1.08 12.2 0.73 10.7 11.8 1.11 7.1 0.67
    70 18.1 19.7 1.09 13.5 0.74 11.7 13.0 1.11 8.0 0.68
    71 19.7 21.6 1.09 14.8 0.75 12.9 14.3 1.11 9.0 0.70
    72 21.5 23.6 1.10 16.3 0.76 14.2 15.7 1.11 10.1 0.71
    73 23.5 25.8 1.10 17.9 0.76 15.6 17.3 1.11 11.4 0.73
    74 25.8 28.3 1.10 19.7 0.76 17.2 19.0 1.10 12.7 0.74
    75 28.4 31.1 1.10 21.7 0.77 19.0 21.0 1.10 14.2 0.75
    76 31.3 34.3 1.10 24.2 0.77 21.2 23.4 1.10 15.9 0.75
    77 34.7 37.9 1.09 27.1 0.78 23.6 26.1 1.11 17.7 0.75
    78 38.4 42.0 1.09 30.6 0.80 26.3 29.2 1.11 19.8 0.75
    79 42.7 46.5 1.09 34.5 0.81 29.4 32.6 1.11 22.4 0.76
    80 47.5 51.6 1.09 39.1 0.82 33.0 36.5 1.11 25.4 0.77
    81 52.9 57.3 1.08 44.2 0.83 37.0 40.7 1.10 29.0 0.78
    82 59.1 63.9 1.08 49.9 0.84 41.6 45.5 1.09 33.2 0.80
    83 66.2 71.4 1.08 56.4 0.85 46.8 50.9 1.09 38.2 0.82
    84 74.3 80.0 1.08 63.8 0.86 52.9 57.0 1.08 44.0 0.83
    85 83.6 89.7 1.07 72.2 0.86 59.8 63.9 1.07 50.7 0.85
    86 94.1 100.7 1.07 81.8 0.87 67.7 71.9 1.06 58.5 0.86
    87 106.0 113.1 1.07 92.8 0.88 76.9 81.1 1.06 67.5 0.88
    88 119.2 126.7 1.06 105.3 0.88 87.3 91.6 1.05 77.7 0.89
    89 133.8 141.5 1.06 119.4 0.89 99.0 103.5 1.05 89.2 0.90
    90 149.7 157.7 1.05 135.0 0.90 112.0 116.7 1.04 102.0 0.91
    91 166.8 175.0 1.05 152.0 0.91 126.4 131.2 1.04 116.0 0.92
    92 185.1 193.5 1.05 170.2 0.92 141.9 146.9 1.04 131.2 0.92
    93 204.3 213.1 1.04 189.2 0.93 158.7 163.8 1.03 147.5 0.93
    94 224.4 233.7 1.04 209.4 0.93 176.5 181.8 1.03 164.8 0.93
    95 245.0 255.4 1.04 230.7 0.94 195.4 200.8 1.03 183.1 0.94
    96 266.2 278.1 1.04 252.9 0.95 215.1 220.6 1.03 202.3 0.94
    97 287.6 301.3 1.05 275.9 0.96 235.6 241.3 1.02 222.2 0.94
    98 309.7 324.8 1.05 299.6 0.97 256.6 262.6 1.02 243.2 0.95
    99 332.5 348.5 1.05 323.7 0.97 278.0 284.5 1.02 265.3 0.95
    100 355.8 372.4 1.05 348.2 0.98 299.7 306.9 1.02 288.1 0.96
    101 379.4 396.3 1.04 372.9 0.98 321.5 329.8 1.03 311.6 0.97
    102 403.2 420.1 1.04 397.7 0.99 344.0 353.0 1.03 335.6 0.98
    103 427.1 443.7 1.04 422.4 0.99 366.9 376.4 1.03 359.8 0.98
    104 450.9 467.0 1.04 447.0 0.99 390.1 399.8 1.03 384.2 0.99
    105 474.4 489.8 1.03 471.2 0.99 413.3 423.1 1.02 408.6 0.99
    110 583.3 593.1 1.02 582.4 1.00 524.8 531.9 1.01 523.5 1.00
    115 664.6 668.0 1.01 664.5 1.00 611.3 613.9 1.00 611.2 1.00
    120 700.0 700.0 1.00 700.0 1.00 650.0 650.0 1.00 650.0 1.00
    Table 69 Life Table of OAS Beneficiaries Born In Canada (2019)
    Age Males Females
    lx 1,000 qx dx LifExp lx 1,000 qx dx LifExp
    65 100,000 12.7 1,273 18.83 100,000 7.8 777 21.63
    66 98,727 13.9 1,368 18.07 99,223 8.7 861 20.79
    67 97,359 15.1 1,472 17.32 98,362 9.6 948 19.97
    68 95,887 16.5 1,583 16.58 97,414 10.7 1,040 19.16
    69 94,304 18.0 1,702 15.85 96,374 11.8 1,137 18.36
    70 92,602 19.7 1,826 15.13 95,237 13.0 1,238 17.57
    71 90,776 21.6 1,956 14.42 93,999 14.3 1,344 16.80
    72 88,820 23.6 2,094 13.73 92,655 15.7 1,456 16.04
    73 86,726 25.8 2,239 13.05 91,199 17.3 1,574 15.28
    74 84,488 28.3 2,393 12.38 89,624 19.0 1,704 14.54
    75 82,095 31.1 2,557 11.73 87,920 21.0 1,849 13.82
    76 79,538 34.3 2,731 11.09 86,072 23.4 2,012 13.10
    77 76,807 37.9 2,914 10.46 84,060 26.1 2,192 12.40
    78 73,894 42.0 3,101 9.86 81,867 29.2 2,388 11.72
    79 70,793 46.5 3,291 9.27 79,480 32.6 2,592 11.06
    80 67,501 51.6 3,481 8.69 76,887 36.5 2,803 10.42
    81 64,020 57.3 3,671 8.14 74,084 40.7 3,018 9.79
    82 60,349 63.9 3,857 7.60 71,066 45.5 3,234 9.18
    83 56,492 71.4 4,034 7.09 67,832 50.9 3,451 8.60
    84 52,458 80.0 4,196 6.60 64,381 57.0 3,667 8.03
    85 48,262 89.7 4,331 6.13 60,714 63.9 3,881 7.49
    86 43,931 100.7 4,426 5.68 56,833 71.9 4,087 6.97
    87 39,505 113.1 4,466 5.26 52,745 81.1 4,278 6.47
    88 35,039 126.7 4,438 4.87 48,467 91.6 4,440 5.99
    89 30,601 141.5 4,331 4.50 44,027 103.5 4,555 5.55
    90 26,270 157.7 4,142 4.16 39,472 116.7 4,605 5.13
    91 22,128 175.0 3,872 3.85 34,867 131.2 4,574 4.74
    92 18,255 193.5 3,532 3.56 30,293 146.9 4,451 4.38
    93 14,724 213.1 3,137 3.29 25,842 163.8 4,234 4.05
    94 11,586 233.7 2,708 3.04 21,609 181.8 3,929 3.74
    95 8,878 255.4 2,268 2.82 17,680 200.8 3,550 3.47
    96 6,611 278.1 1,838 2.62 14,130 220.6 3,118 3.21
    97 4,772 301.3 1,438 2.43 11,013 241.3 2,657 2.98
    98 3,335 324.8 1,083 2.26 8,356 262.6 2,194 2.77
    99 2,252 348.5 785 2.11 6,162 284.5 1,753 2.57
    100 1,467 372.4 546 1.98 4,409 306.9 1,353 2.40
    101 921 396.3 365 1.85 3,056 329.8 1,008 2.24
    102 556 420.1 233 1.74 2,048 353.0 723 2.09
    103 322 443.7 143 1.64 1,325 376.4 499 1.96
    104 179 467.0 84 1.55 826 399.8 330 1.84
    105 96 489.8 47 1.46 496 423.1 210 1.73
    110 2 593.1 1 1.16 21 531.9 11 1.33
    115 0 668.0 0 0.99 0 613.9 0 1.11
    120 0 700.0 0 0.80 0 650.0 0 0.85
    Table 70 Life Table of OAS Beneficiaries Born Outside Canada (2019)
    Age Males Females
    lx 1,000 qx dx LifExp lx 1,000 qx dx LifExp
    65 100,000 7.8 776 20.99 100,000 4.8 476 23.80
    66 99,224 8.8 878 20.15 99,524 5.2 520 22.91
    67 98,346 9.9 978 19.32 99,004 5.8 571 22.03
    68 97,368 11.1 1,078 18.51 98,433 6.4 629 21.15
    69 96,290 12.2 1,179 17.72 97,804 7.1 697 20.29
    70 95,111 13.5 1,283 16.93 97,107 8.0 776 19.43
    71 93,828 14.8 1,390 16.15 96,331 9.0 866 18.58
    72 92,438 16.3 1,503 15.39 95,465 10.1 967 17.74
    73 90,935 17.9 1,623 14.63 94,499 11.4 1,075 16.92
    74 89,312 19.7 1,755 13.89 93,423 12.7 1,191 16.11
    75 87,556 21.7 1,903 13.16 92,233 14.2 1,313 15.31
    76 85,653 24.2 2,073 12.44 90,920 15.9 1,442 14.53
    77 83,580 27.1 2,268 11.74 89,478 17.7 1,584 13.75
    78 81,312 30.6 2,486 11.05 87,894 19.8 1,744 12.99
    79 78,827 34.5 2,723 10.38 86,150 22.4 1,927 12.24
    80 76,103 39.1 2,974 9.74 84,223 25.4 2,136 11.51
    81 73,129 44.2 3,231 9.11 82,087 29.0 2,377 10.80
    82 69,898 49.9 3,490 8.51 79,710 33.2 2,648 10.11
    83 66,408 56.4 3,746 7.93 77,062 38.2 2,944 9.44
    84 62,663 63.8 3,995 7.38 74,118 44.0 3,262 8.79
    85 58,668 72.2 4,234 6.84 70,856 50.7 3,595 8.17
    86 54,434 81.8 4,453 6.34 67,261 58.5 3,935 7.58
    87 49,981 92.8 4,639 5.86 63,325 67.5 4,273 7.02
    88 45,342 105.3 4,776 5.41 59,053 77.7 4,589 6.49
    89 40,566 119.4 4,843 4.98 54,464 89.2 4,860 6.00
    90 35,723 135.0 4,822 4.59 49,604 102.0 5,060 5.54
    91 30,900 152.0 4,696 4.23 44,544 116.0 5,168 5.11
    92 26,204 170.2 4,459 3.90 39,375 131.2 5,166 4.72
    93 21,745 189.2 4,114 3.60 34,209 147.5 5,045 4.35
    94 17,631 209.4 3,693 3.32 29,164 164.8 4,807 4.02
    95 13,938 230.7 3,216 3.07 24,357 183.1 4,461 3.71
    96 10,722 252.9 2,712 2.84 19,896 202.3 4,025 3.43
    97 8,010 275.9 2,210 2.63 15,871 222.2 3,526 3.18
    98 5,800 299.6 1,737 2.44 12,345 243.2 3,003 2.94
    99 4,062 323.7 1,315 2.26 9,342 265.3 2,478 2.73
    100 2,747 348.2 957 2.11 6,864 288.1 1,978 2.53
    101 1,791 372.9 668 1.97 4,886 311.6 1,523 2.35
    102 1,123 397.7 447 1.84 3,364 335.6 1,129 2.19
    103 676 422.4 286 1.73 2,235 359.8 804 2.04
    104 391 447.0 175 1.62 1,431 384.2 550 1.91
    105 216 471.2 102 1.53 881 408.6 360 1.79
    110 6 582.4 3 1.18 42 523.5 22 1.35
    115 0 664.5 0 0.99 1 611.2 0 1.12
    120 0 700.0 0 0.80 0 650.0 0 0.85
    Table 71 Life Expectancies at Age 65 by Type of Benefit, Marital Status and Place of Birth
    Type of Benefit 2007 2013 2019
    Males Females Female – Male Differential Males Females Female – Male Differential Males Females Female – Male Differential
    Benchmark (CLT of year) 18.0 21.1 3.2 19.1 21.9 2.8 19.6 22.4 2.7
    OAS program 17.8 21.0 3.2 18.9 21.8 2.9 19.4 22.2 2.8
    Differential Benchmark and OAS 0.2 0.1

     

    		 0.2 0.2

     

    		 0.2 0.2

     
    OAS with GIS 16.2 19.9 3.7 17.1 20.4 3.4 17.4 20.7 3.3
    OAS without GIS 18.6 21.8 3.2 19.7 22.6 2.9 20.3 23.2 2.8
    Differential OAS without and OAS with GIS 2.5 1.9

     

    		 2.6 2.2

     

    		 2.9 2.5

     
    Single 15.2 20.1 4.9 16.4 20.8 4.4 16.8 21.1 4.3
    Married 19.0 22.2 3.2 20.0 23.0 3.0 20.7 23.5 2.8
    Differential Married and Single 3.8 2.1

     

    		 3.6 2.2

     

    		 3.9 2.4

     
    OAS with GIS Single 14.0 19.4 5.4 15.1 19.9 4.8 15.3 20.0 4.7
    OAS without GIS Single 16.3 20.9 4.6 17.5 21.8 4.2 18.1 22.3 4.1
    Differential without GIS and with GIS Single 2.3 1.5

     

    		 2.5 1.9

     

    		 2.8 2.3

     
    OAS with GIS Married 17.7 20.8 3.0 18.7 21.5 2.8 19.5 22.2 2.7
    OAS without GIS Married 19.5 22.8 3.3 20.5 23.6 3.1 21.1 24.0 2.9
    Differential without GIS and with GIS Married 1.8 2.1

     

    		 1.8 2.1

     

    		 1.7 1.9

     
    Born in Canada 17.3 20.6 3.2 18.4 21.3 2.9 18.8 21.6 2.8
    Born outside of Canada (immigrants) 19.0 22.1 3.1 20.3 23.1 2.9 21.0 23.8 2.8
    Differential immigrants and born in Canada 1.7 1.5

     

    		 1.9 1.9

     

    		 2.2 2.2

     

    Appendix B ― References

    Chen, J., Wilkins, R., & Ng, E. (1996). Health Expectancy by Immigrant Status, 1986 and 1991. Statistics Canada Health Reports, Vol. 8, No. 3, Winter 1996, pp. 29-38.

    Continuous Mortality Investigation Mortality Projections Committee. (2015). Recent Mortality in England & Wales, Working Paper 83. ISSN 2044-3145. Continuous Mortality Investigation Limited. London.

    Omariba, D., Ng, E., & Vissandjée, B. (2014). Differences between immigrants at various durations of residence and host population in all-cause mortality, Canada 1991-2006. Population Studies - A Journal of Demography, Vol. 68, No. 3, November 2014, pp. 339-357. Routledge.

    OSFI. (2006a). Old Age Security Program Mortality Experience - Actuarial Study No. 5. Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions - Office of the Chief Actuary. Ottawa.

    OSFI. (2006b). Old Age Security Program Mortality Experience - Addendum to Actuarial Study No. 5. Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions - Office of the Chief Actuary. Ottawa.

    OSFI. (2012). Old Age Security Program Mortality Experience - Actuarial Study No. 11. Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions - Office of the Chief Actuary. Ottawa.

    OSFI. (2016). Old Age Security Program Mortality Experience - Actuarial Study No. 17. Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions - Office of the Chief Actuary. Ottawa.

    OSFI. (2020). Sixteenth Actuarial Report on the Old Age Security Program as at 31 December 2018. Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions - Office of the Chief Actuary. Ottawa.

    Raleigh, V. (2019). “Trends in life expectancy in EU and other OECD countries: Why are improvements slowing?”, OECD Health Working Papers, No. 108. OECD Publishing. Paris.

    Trovato, F. & Odynak D. (2011). Sex differences in life expectancy in Canada: immigrant and native-born populations. Journal of Biosocial Science, Vol. 43, Iss. 3, May 2011, pp. 353-367. Cambridge University Press.

    Vang, Z., Sigouin, J., Flenon, A., & Gagnon A. (2015). The Healthy Immigrant Effect in Canada: A Systematic Review. Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Discussion Paper Series: Vol. 3, Iss. 1, Article 4.

    Zhang, Y., Galbraith, N., & Dion, P. (2019). “Chapter 4: Projection of Mortality”, in Population Projections for Canada (2018 to 2068), Provinces and Territories (2018 to 2043): Technical Report on Methodology and Assumptions. Statistics Canada catalogue no. 91-620-X.

    Nikolai Serykh and Alex Yang. (2020). U.S. Mortality Improvement Trend Deep Dive.

    R. Jerome Holman, Cynthia S. MacDonald, &Peter J. Miller.(2019) U.S. Population Mortality Observations Updated with 2017 Experience.

    Appendix C ― Acknowledgements

    Service Canada provided data on the Old Age Security program.

    Mortality data for individual years 1999 to 2019 derived from the published Canada Life Tables (CLT) were provided by Statistics Canada.

    The Canada Revenue Agency provided income tax return information.

    The co-operation and able assistance received from the above-mentioned data providers deserve to be acknowledged.

    The following people assisted in the preparation of this study:

    • Assia Billig, FCIA, FSA, PhD
    • Yu Cheng, ASA
    • Julie Fortier
    • Alain Guimond
    • Sari Harrel, FCIA, FSA
    • Michel Montambeault, FCIA, FSA
    • Kelly Moore
    • Louis-Marie Pommainville, FCIA, FSA

    Footnotes

    Footnote 1

    The level of income used to determine the level of GIS and Allowance entitlements as defined under the Old Age Security Act excludes any benefits received from the OAS program, employment income and self-employment income up to $10,000 since July 2020, and other amounts.

    Return to footnote 1

    Footnote 2

    This recent slowdown in mortality improvements has also been observed in other countries. (See: Continuous Mortality Investigation Projections Committee, 2015, Raleigh, 2019, and Zhang et al., 2019).

    Return to footnote 2

    Date modified: